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Volume 10
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Review

Biomarker Development for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Omics, Antigens, T-cells, and Beyond

by
Benjamin Miron
,
David Xu
and
Matthew Zibelman
*
Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Pers. Med. 2020, 10(4), 225; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm10040225
Submission received: 28 October 2020 / Revised: 8 November 2020 / Accepted: 10 November 2020 / Published: 13 November 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Medicine in Oncology)
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Abstract

The treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma has evolved quickly over the last few years from a disease managed primarily with sequential oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway, to now with a combination of therapies incorporating immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Patient outcomes have improved with these innovations, however, controversy persists regarding optimal sequence and patient selection amongst the available combinations. Ideally, predictive biomarkers would aid in guiding treatment decisions and personalizing care. However, clinically-actionable biomarkers have remained elusive. We aim to review the available evidence regarding biomarkers for both TKIs and ICB and will present where the field may be headed in the years to come.
Keywords: biomarkers; renal cell carcinoma; clear cell; VEGF; immunotherapy; PD-L1; immune checkpoint inhibitors; immune checkpoint blockade; tyrosine-kinase inhibitors biomarkers; renal cell carcinoma; clear cell; VEGF; immunotherapy; PD-L1; immune checkpoint inhibitors; immune checkpoint blockade; tyrosine-kinase inhibitors
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MDPI and ACS Style

Miron, B.; Xu, D.; Zibelman, M. Biomarker Development for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Omics, Antigens, T-cells, and Beyond. J. Pers. Med. 2020, 10, 225. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm10040225

AMA Style

Miron B, Xu D, Zibelman M. Biomarker Development for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Omics, Antigens, T-cells, and Beyond. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2020; 10(4):225. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm10040225

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miron, Benjamin, David Xu, and Matthew Zibelman. 2020. "Biomarker Development for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Omics, Antigens, T-cells, and Beyond" Journal of Personalized Medicine 10, no. 4: 225. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm10040225

APA Style

Miron, B., Xu, D., & Zibelman, M. (2020). Biomarker Development for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Omics, Antigens, T-cells, and Beyond. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 10(4), 225. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm10040225

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