Estimating the Spatial Accessibility to Blood Group and Rhesus Type Point-of-Care Testing for Maternal Healthcare in Ghana
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Overview
2.2. Spatial Data of Health Facilities
2.3. Geospatial Analysis
Developing a Model for Estimating the Travel Time
2.4. Buffer
2.5. Spatial Autocorrelation
2.6. Ethics Approval
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Health Facilities Providing Blood Group and Rhesus Type POC Testing
3.2. Spatial Distribution of Health Facilities Providing Blood Grouping and Rhesus Type Testing Services in the UER
3.3. Spatial Accessibility to Blood Group and Rhesus Type Testing in the UER
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ANC | Antenatal care |
CHAG | Christian Health Association of Ghana |
DEM | Digital elevation model |
GHS | Ghana Health Service |
GIS | Geographic Information Systems |
PHC | Primary healthcare |
POC | Point-of-care |
SSA | Sub-Saharan Africa |
UER | Upper East Region |
WHO | World Health Organisation |
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Kuupiel, D.; Adu, K.M.; Bawontuo, V.; Adogboba, D.A.; Mashamba-Thompson, T.P. Estimating the Spatial Accessibility to Blood Group and Rhesus Type Point-of-Care Testing for Maternal Healthcare in Ghana. Diagnostics 2019, 9, 175. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics9040175
Kuupiel D, Adu KM, Bawontuo V, Adogboba DA, Mashamba-Thompson TP. Estimating the Spatial Accessibility to Blood Group and Rhesus Type Point-of-Care Testing for Maternal Healthcare in Ghana. Diagnostics. 2019; 9(4):175. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics9040175
Chicago/Turabian StyleKuupiel, Desmond, Kwame M. Adu, Vitalis Bawontuo, Duncan A. Adogboba, and Tivani P. Mashamba-Thompson. 2019. "Estimating the Spatial Accessibility to Blood Group and Rhesus Type Point-of-Care Testing for Maternal Healthcare in Ghana" Diagnostics 9, no. 4: 175. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics9040175