Differential Regulation of Angiogenesis, Lymphangiogenesis, and Neural Tissue in Normal and Inflamed Dental Pulp: Immunohistochemical Analysis
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Statistical Reliability
2.2. Ethical Consideration
2.3. Demographic Characteristics
2.4. Diagnostic Criteria
2.5. Immunohistochemistry
2.6. Quantification and Assessment
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Characteristics:
3.2. Immunohistochemical Findings
3.3. Vessel and Nerve Density Analysis
3.4. Correlation Analysis
4. Discussion
4.1. Lymphatic Vessels in Dental Pulp
4.2. Blood Vessel Changes in Pulpitis
4.3. Neural Tissue Response to Inflammation
4.4. Clinical Implications and Limitations
4.5. Future Directions
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Biomarker | Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis | Asymptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis | Control | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
CD31 * | 50.3 (25.5–88.2) | 39.2 (26.2–49.8) | 25.8 (17.8–49.0) | 0.001 |
PGP9.5 * | 4.0 (2.0–4.0) | 3.0 (1.0–4.0) | 4.0 (3.0–4.0) | 0.161 |
D2-40 † | 28.35 ± 10.6 | 24.72 ± 9.0 | 22.72 ± 6.8 | 0.299 |
Variable | CD31 | PGP9.5 | D2-40 | Age |
---|---|---|---|---|
CD31 | 1.0 | −0.024 | 0.389 * | −0.03 |
PGP9.5 | −0.024 | 1.0 | 0.146 | −0.500 ** |
D2-40 | 0.389 * | 0.146 | 1.0 | −0.079 |
Age | −0.03 | −0.500 ** | −0.079 | 1.0 |
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Alani, N.A.; Abdullah, B.H. Differential Regulation of Angiogenesis, Lymphangiogenesis, and Neural Tissue in Normal and Inflamed Dental Pulp: Immunohistochemical Analysis. Diagnostics 2025, 15, 1819. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15141819
Alani NA, Abdullah BH. Differential Regulation of Angiogenesis, Lymphangiogenesis, and Neural Tissue in Normal and Inflamed Dental Pulp: Immunohistochemical Analysis. Diagnostics. 2025; 15(14):1819. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15141819
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlani, Nooruldeen Ammar, and Bashar Hamid Abdullah. 2025. "Differential Regulation of Angiogenesis, Lymphangiogenesis, and Neural Tissue in Normal and Inflamed Dental Pulp: Immunohistochemical Analysis" Diagnostics 15, no. 14: 1819. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15141819
APA StyleAlani, N. A., & Abdullah, B. H. (2025). Differential Regulation of Angiogenesis, Lymphangiogenesis, and Neural Tissue in Normal and Inflamed Dental Pulp: Immunohistochemical Analysis. Diagnostics, 15(14), 1819. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15141819