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Background:
Systematic Review

Diagnostic Accuracy of PET with 18F-Fluciclovine ([18F]FACBC) in Detecting High-Grade Gliomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by
Angelo Castello
1,*,
Domenico Albano
2,
Barbara Muoio
3,
Massimo Castellani
1,
Stefano Panareo
4,
Alessio Rizzo
5,
Giorgio Treglia
6,7,8,† and
Luca Urso
9,†
1
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
2
Department of Nuclear Medicine, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia and University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
3
Division of Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
4
Nuclear Medicine Unit, Oncology and Haematology Department, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
5
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute, 10060 Turin, Italy
6
Division of Nuclear Medicine, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
7
Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
8
Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
9
Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors share the last authorship.
Diagnostics 2023, 13(24), 3610; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13243610
Submission received: 10 November 2023 / Revised: 30 November 2023 / Accepted: 4 December 2023 / Published: 6 December 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Brain Tumor Imaging)
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Abstract

Background: 18F-Fluciclovine ([18F]FACBC) has been recently proposed as a synthetic radiolabeled amino acid for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in patients with brain neoplasms. Our aim is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of [18F]FACBC PET in high-grade glioma (HGG) patients, taking into account the literature data. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed. We included original articles evaluating [18F]FACBC PET in the detection of HGG before therapy and for the suspicion of tumor recurrence. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR−), and diagnostic odds ratios (DOR), including 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), were measured. Statistical heterogeneity and publication bias were also assessed. Results: ten studies were included in the review and eight in the meta-analysis (113 patients). Regarding the identification of HGG, the sensitivity of [18F]FACBC PET ranged between 85.7% and 100%, with a pooled estimate of 92.9% (95% CI: 84.4–96.9%), while the specificity ranged from 50% to 100%, with a pooled estimate of 70.7% (95% CI: 47.5–86.5%). The pooled LR+, LR−, and DOR of [18F]FACBC PET were 2.5, 0.14, and 37, respectively. No significant statistical heterogeneity or publication bias were found. Conclusions: evidence-based data demonstrate the good diagnostic accuracy of [18F]FACBC PET for HGG detection. Due to the still limited data, further studies are warranted to confirm the promising role of [18F]FACBC PET in this context.
Keywords: PET; glioma; fluciclovine; FACBC; imaging; brain tumors; neuro-oncology PET; glioma; fluciclovine; FACBC; imaging; brain tumors; neuro-oncology

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MDPI and ACS Style

Castello, A.; Albano, D.; Muoio, B.; Castellani, M.; Panareo, S.; Rizzo, A.; Treglia, G.; Urso, L. Diagnostic Accuracy of PET with 18F-Fluciclovine ([18F]FACBC) in Detecting High-Grade Gliomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics 2023, 13, 3610. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13243610

AMA Style

Castello A, Albano D, Muoio B, Castellani M, Panareo S, Rizzo A, Treglia G, Urso L. Diagnostic Accuracy of PET with 18F-Fluciclovine ([18F]FACBC) in Detecting High-Grade Gliomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics. 2023; 13(24):3610. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13243610

Chicago/Turabian Style

Castello, Angelo, Domenico Albano, Barbara Muoio, Massimo Castellani, Stefano Panareo, Alessio Rizzo, Giorgio Treglia, and Luca Urso. 2023. "Diagnostic Accuracy of PET with 18F-Fluciclovine ([18F]FACBC) in Detecting High-Grade Gliomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" Diagnostics 13, no. 24: 3610. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13243610

APA Style

Castello, A., Albano, D., Muoio, B., Castellani, M., Panareo, S., Rizzo, A., Treglia, G., & Urso, L. (2023). Diagnostic Accuracy of PET with 18F-Fluciclovine ([18F]FACBC) in Detecting High-Grade Gliomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics, 13(24), 3610. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13243610

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