Indications, Detection, Completion and Retention Rates of Capsule Endoscopy in Two Decades of Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Search Strategy and Inclusion Criteria
2.2. Data Abstraction
2.3. Outcomes
2.4. Data Synthesis and Statistical Analysis
- The year of publication (continuous moderator).
- The number of study participants (continuous moderator).
- The age of the participants (categorical moderator). We formulated the following ranges in the latter case: <60, 60–80 and >80 years old. Finally, we inspected funnel plots and used Egger’s regression test [11] and the Duval and Tweedie’s trim and fill method where applicable [12] to quantify whether publication bias could have influenced the results.
3. Results
3.1. Search Results
3.2. Study and Studied Subjects Characteristics
3.3. Lesion Detection Rates (DR) by Capsule Type
3.4. Completion Rates (CR) by Capsule Type
3.5. Retention Rates (RR) by Capsule Type
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Capsule Type | Effect Size and 95%CI | Test Z | Heterogenity (from Fixed Effect Analysis) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of Studies | Point Estimate | Lower Limit | Upper Limit | z Value | p Value | Q Value | df(Q) | p Value | I2 | |
OGIB | ||||||||||
CCE | 2 | 0.50 | 0.16 | 0.84 | 0.02 | 0.98 | 11.30 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 91.15 |
ESO | 1 | 0.37 | 0.08 | 0.79 | −0.58 | 0.56 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 |
MCCE | 3 | 0.47 | 0.23 | 0.72 | −0.22 | 0.83 | 31.78 | 2.00 | 0.00 | 93.71 |
SBCE | 95 | 0.59 | 0.54 | 0.63 | 3.79 | 0.00 | 2814.10 | 94.00 | 0.00 | 96.66 |
Total between | 1.79 | 3.00 | 0.62 | |||||||
Overall | 101 | 0.55 | 0.44 | 0.66 | 0.89 | 0.38 | 2880.59 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 96.53 |
CD | ||||||||||
CCE | 2 | 0.82 | 0.60 | 0.93 | 2.66 | 0.01 | 2.37 | 1.00 | 0.12 | 57.86 |
Combi | 1 | 0.52 | 0.19 | 0.83 | 0.09 | 0.93 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 |
PCC | 4 | 0.68 | 0.48 | 0.83 | 1.74 | 0.08 | 12.94 | 3.00 | 0.00 | 76.81 |
SBCE | 36 | 0.62 | 0.55 | 0.68 | 3.42 | 0.00 | 301.31 | 35.00 | 0.00 | 88.38 |
Total between | 3.71 | 3.00 | 0.29 | |||||||
Overall | 43 | 0.66 | 0.53 | 0.77 | 2.38 | 0.02 | 345.07 | 42.00 | 0.00 | 87.83 |
NL | ||||||||||
CCE | 12 | 0.67 | 0.55 | 0.78 | 2.73 | 0.01 | 366.85 | 11.00 | 0.00 | 97.00 |
SBCE | 7 | 0.56 | 0.38 | 0.72 | 0.62 | 0.53 | 104.46 | 6.00 | 0.00 | 94.26 |
Total between | 1.19 | 1.00 | 0.27 | |||||||
Overall | 19 | 0.63 | 0.52 | 0.73 | 2.27 | 0.02 | 478.65 | 18.00 | 0.00 | 96.24 |
CeD | ||||||||||
SBCE | 9 | 0.52 | 0.40 | 0.64 | 0.37 | 0.71 | 39.63 | 8.00 | 0.00 | 79.81 |
Total between | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
Overall | 9 | 0.52 | 0.40 | 0.64 | 0.37 | 0.71 | 39.63 | 8.00 | 0.00 | 79.81 |
CS | ||||||||||
CCE | 11 | 0.60 | 0.42 | 0.75 | 1.09 | 0.28 | 155.06 | 10.00 | 0.00 | 93.55 |
ESO | 7 | 0.68 | 0.48 | 0.84 | 1.74 | 0.08 | 113.49 | 6.00 | 0.00 | 94.71 |
MCCE | 4 | 0.68 | 0.40 | 0.87 | 1.29 | 0.20 | 107.81 | 3.00 | 0.00 | 97.22 |
PCC | 2 | 0.84 | 0.43 | 0.97 | 1.66 | 0.10 | 2.32 | 1.00 | 0.13 | 56.93 |
SBCE | 41 | 0.55 | 0.46 | 0.64 | 1.02 | 0.31 | 907.32 | 40.00 | 0.00 | 95.59 |
Total between | 3.82 | 4.00 | 0.43 | |||||||
Overall | 65 | 0.62 | 0.51 | 0.73 | 2.07 | 0.04 | 1371.25 | 64.00 | 0.00 | 95.33 |
All indications | ||||||||||
CCE | 38 | 0.64 | 0.58 | 0.70 | 4.71 | 0.00 | 738.68 | 37.00 | 0.00 | 94.99 |
Combi | 2 | 0.58 | 0.34 | 0.79 | 0.65 | 0.51 | 3.39 | 1.00 | 0.07 | 70.46 |
ESO | 9 | 0.59 | 0.46 | 0.70 | 1.39 | 0.16 | 160.41 | 8.00 | 0.00 | 95.01 |
MCCE | 17 | 0.47 | 0.38 | 0.56 | −0.61 | 0.54 | 616.48 | 16.00 | 0.00 | 97.40 |
PCC | 5 | 0.69 | 0.53 | 0.82 | 2.24 | 0.03 | 17.71 | 4.00 | 0.00 | 77.42 |
SBCE | 202 | 0.57 | 0.55 | 0.60 | 5.49 | 0.00 | 4316.24 | 201.00 | 0.00 | 95.34 |
Total between | 11.92 | 5.00 | 0.04 | |||||||
Overall | 273 | 0.59 | 0.52 | 0.65 | 2.65 | 0.01 | 7360.86 | 272.00 | 0.00 | 96.30 |
Capsule Type | Effect Size and 95%CI | Test Z | Heterogenity (from Fixed Effect Analysis) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of Studies | Point Estimate | Lower Limit | Upper Limit | z Value | p Value | Q Value | df(Q) | p Value | I2 | |
OGIB | ||||||||||
CCE | 1 | 0.742 | 0.398 | 0.926 | 1.407 | 0.159 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
ESO | 1 | 0.978 | 0.803 | 0.998 | 3.107 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
MCCE | 1 | 0.978 | 0.667 | 0.999 | 2.396 | 0.017 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
SBCE | 56 | 0.891 | 0.868 | 0.910 | 1.894 | 0.000 | 508.477 | 55.000 | 0.000 | 89.183 |
Total between | 5.031 | 3.000 | 0.170 | |||||||
Overall | 59 | 0.906 | 0.753 | 0.968 | 3848 | 0.000 | 519.524 | 58.000 | 0.000 | 88.836 |
CD | ||||||||||
CCE | 2 | 0.702 | 0.632 | 0.764 | 5.300 | 1.16 × 10−7 | 4.517604 | 1.000 | 0.034 | 77.864 |
Combi | 1 | 0.991 | 0.875 | 0.999 | 3.328 | 8.74 × 10−4 | 6.67 × 10−14 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
PC | 2 | 0.893 | 0.827 | 0.935 | 7.480 | 7.46 × 10−14 | 0.195398 | 1.000 | 0.658 | 0.000 |
PCC | 4 | 0.879 | 0.828 | 0.916 | 9.521 | 0 | 3.270906 | 3.000 | 0.352 | 8.282 |
SBCE | 24 | 0.717 | 0.696 | 0.737 | 18.231 | 0 | 0.0187 | 23.000 | 0.000 | 87.704 |
Total between | 6.957 | 4.000 | 0.138 | |||||||
Overall | 33 | 0.865 | 0.766 | 0.927 | 5.410 | 6.30 × 10−8 | 242.297 | 32.000 | 0.000 | 86.793 |
NL | ||||||||||
CCE | 11 | 0.921 | 0.860 | 0.957 | 7.467 | 0.000 | 155.2934 | 10.000 | 0.000 | 93.561 |
PC | 1 | 0.496 | 0.127 | 0.870 | −0.015 | 0.988 | 2.07 × 10−17 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
SBCE | 6 | 0.707 | 0.512 | 0.848 | 2.073 | 0.038 | 56.14724 | 5.000 | 0.000 | 91.095 |
Total between | 12.024 | 2.000 | 0.002 | |||||||
Overall | 18 | 0.782 | 0.455 | 0.939 | 1.718 | 0.086 | 409.476 | 17.000 | 0.000 | 95.84835 |
CeD | ||||||||||
SBCE | 5 | 0.940 | 0.836 | 0.980 | 4.817 | 1.46 × 10−6 | 19.41264 | 4.000 | 0.001 | 79.395 |
Overall | 5 | 0.940 | 0.836 | 0.980 | 4.817 | 1.46 × 10−6 | 19.41264 | 4.000 | 0.001 | 79.395 |
CS | ||||||||||
CCE | 8 | 0.888 | 0.790 | 0.944 | 5.442 | 0.000 | 57.4281 | 7.000 | 0.000 | 87.811 |
ESO | 4 | 0.817 | 0.642 | 0.918 | 3.211 | 0.001 | 50.21082 | 3.000 | 0.000 | 94.025 |
MCCE | 3 | 0.997 | 0.982 | 1.000 | 6.225 | 0.000 | 9.61 × 10−3 | 2.000 | 0.995 | 0.000 |
PC | 1 | 0.870 | 0.562 | 0.972 | 2.257 | 0.024 | 0 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
PCC | 2 | 0.960 | 0.831 | 0.992 | 3.911 | 0.000 | 7.12 × 10−4 | 1.000 | 0..979 | 0.000 |
SBCE | 23 | 0.902 | 0.859 | 0.932 | 10.607 | 0.000 | 90.13725 | 22.000 | 0.000 | 75.593 |
Total between | 18.916 | 5.000 | 0.002 | |||||||
Overall | 41 | 0.928 | 0.845 | 0.968 | 5.847 | 5.01 × 10−9 | 277.4474 | 40.000 | 0.000 | 85.583 |
All indications | ||||||||||
CCE | 42 | 0.857 | 0.818 | 0.889 | 12.255 | 0.000 | 485.6277 | 41.000 | 0.000 | 91.557 |
Combi | 3 | 0.953 | 0.872 | 0.984 | 5.390 | 0.000 | 467.6693 | 2.000 | 0.000 | 99.572 |
ESO | 5 | 0.859 | 0.712 | 0.938 | 3.936 | 0.000 | 58.78379 | 4.000 | 0.000 | 93.195 |
MCCE | 13 | 0.959 | 0.924 | 0.978 | 9.615 | 0.000 | 389.2855 | 12.000 | 0.000 | 96.917 |
PC | 12 | 0.846 | 0.764 | 0.903 | 6.333 | 0.000 | 397.1725 | 11.000 | 0.000 | 97.230 |
PCC | 5 | 0.920 | 0.825 | 0.965 | 5.399 | 0.000 | 8.72 | 4.000 | 0.069 | 54.123 |
SBCE | 177 | 0.876 | 0.860 | 0.890 | 27.449 | 0.000 | 2356.912 | 176.000 | 0.000 | 92.533 |
Total between | 20.125 | 6.000 | 0.003 | |||||||
Overall | 257 | 0.896 | 0.857 | 0.925 | 11.640 | 0.000 | 4681.25 | 256.000 | 0.000 | 94.531 |
Capsule Type | Effect Size and 95%CI | Test Z | Heterogenity (from Fixed Effect Analysis) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of Studies | Point Estimate | Lower Limit | Upper Limit | z Value | p Value | Q Value | df(Q) | p Value | I2 | |
OGIB | ||||||||||
CCE | 3 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.21 | −3.39 | 0.00 | 1.48 | 2.00 | 0.48 | 0.00 |
Combi | 2 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.03 | −9.10 | 0.00 | 45.28 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 97.79 |
MCCE | 2 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.37 | −2.42 | 0.02 | 1.09 | 1.00 | 0.30 | 7.94 |
PC | 1 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.12 | −3.98 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 |
SBCE | 60 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | −30.98 | 0.00 | 102.89 | 59.00 | 0.00 | 42.66 |
Total between | 3.22 | 4.00 | 0.52 | |||||||
Overall | 68 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.03 | −13.02 | 0.00 | 157.76 | 67.00 | 0.00 | 57.53 |
CD | ||||||||||
CCE | 1 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.16 | −2.95 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 |
Combi | 2 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.22 | −3.27 | 0.00 | 5.08 | 1.00 | 0.02 | 80.33 |
MCCE | 1 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.71 | −1.37 | 0.17 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0/00 |
PC | 4 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.26 | −3.42 | 0.00 | 34.61 | 3.00 | 0.00 | 91.33 |
PCC | 3 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.17 | −3.64 | 0.00 | 3.94 | 2.00 | 0.14 | 49.29 |
SBCE | 39 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.07 | −11.86 | 0.00 | 390.55 | 38.00 | 0.00 | 90.27 |
Total between | 2.46 | 5.00 | 0.78 | |||||||
Overall | 50 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.09 | −8.67 | 0.00 | 520.57 | 49.00 | 0.00 | 90.59 |
NL | ||||||||||
CCE | 11 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | −12.08 | 0.00 | 9.58 | 10.00 | 0.48 | 0.00 |
Combi | 1 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.06 | −4.40 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 |
MCCE | 1 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.19 | −2.91 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 |
PC | 1 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.04 | −4.11 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 |
SBCE | 9 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.07 | −9.64 | 0.00 | 16.55 | 8.00 | 0.04 | 51.65 |
Total between | 21.23 | 4.00 | 0.00 | |||||||
Overall | 23 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.04 | −5.82 | 0.00 | 69.32 | 22.00 | 0.00 | 68.26 |
CeD | ||||||||||
SBCE | 6 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.48 | −2.01 | 0.04 | 50.01 | 5.00 | 0.00 | 90.00 |
Overall | 6 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.48 | −2.01 | 0.04 | 50.01 | 5.00 | 0.00 | 90.00 |
CS | ||||||||||
CCE | 7 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.06 | −5.79 | 0.00 | 1.77 | 6.00 | 0.94 | 0.00 |
Combi | 2 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.22 | −3.30 | 0.00 | 27.51 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 96.36 |
ESO | 3 | 0.25 | 0.05 | 0.69 | −1.13 | 0.26 | 51.67 | 2.00 | 0.00 | 96.13 |
MCCE | 5 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.03 | −6.07 | 0.00 | 1.81 | 4.00 | 0.77 | 0.00 |
PC | 1 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.07 | −3.31 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 |
PCC | 1 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.21 | −2.78 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 |
SBCE | 33 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.04 | −12.51 | 0.00 | 157.35 | 32.00 | 0.00 | 79.66 |
Total between | 12.96 | 6.00 | 0.04 | |||||||
Overall | 52 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.06 | −6.80 | 0.00 | 426.64 | 51.00 | 0.00 | 88.05 |
All indications | ||||||||||
CCE | 42 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | −17.99 | 0.00 | 156.98 | 41.00 | 0.00 | 73.88 |
Combi | 3 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.08 | −5.39 | 0.00 | 5.92 | 2.00 | 0.05 | 66.22 |
ESO | 9 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.11 | −5.62 | 0.00 | 146.12 | 8.00 | 0.00 | 94.52 |
MCCE | 17 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.02 | −11.69 | 0.00 | 49.67 | 16.00 | 0.00 | 67.79 |
PC | 12 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.10 | −7.76 | 0.00 | 145.24 | 11.00 | 0.00 | 92.43 |
PCC | 5 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.08 | −5.62 | 0.00 | 7.29 | 4.00 | 0.12 | 45.16 |
SBCE | 184 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | −37.76 | 0.00 | 937.46 | 183.00 | 0.00 | 80.48 |
Total between | 21.50 | 6.00 | 0.00 | |||||||
Overall | 272 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.03 | −14.18 | 0.00 | 1832.05 | 271.00 | 0.00 | 85.21 |
Indications | Detection Rate | Completion Rate | Retention Rate |
---|---|---|---|
OGIB | 55% | 90.6% | 2% |
CD | 66% | 86.5% | 4% |
NL | 63% | 78.2% | 1% |
CeD | 52% | 94.0% | 6% |
CS | 62% | 92.8% | 2% |
All Indications | 59% | 89.6% | 2% |
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Cortegoso Valdivia, P.; Skonieczna-Żydecka, K.; Elosua, A.; Sciberras, M.; Piccirelli, S.; Rullan, M.; Tabone, T.; Gawel, K.; Stachowski, A.; Lemiński, A.; et al. Indications, Detection, Completion and Retention Rates of Capsule Endoscopy in Two Decades of Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics 2022, 12, 1105. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12051105
Cortegoso Valdivia P, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Elosua A, Sciberras M, Piccirelli S, Rullan M, Tabone T, Gawel K, Stachowski A, Lemiński A, et al. Indications, Detection, Completion and Retention Rates of Capsule Endoscopy in Two Decades of Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics. 2022; 12(5):1105. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12051105
Chicago/Turabian StyleCortegoso Valdivia, Pablo, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka, Alfonso Elosua, Martina Sciberras, Stefania Piccirelli, Maria Rullan, Trevor Tabone, Katarzyna Gawel, Adam Stachowski, Artur Lemiński, and et al. 2022. "Indications, Detection, Completion and Retention Rates of Capsule Endoscopy in Two Decades of Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" Diagnostics 12, no. 5: 1105. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12051105
APA StyleCortegoso Valdivia, P., Skonieczna-Żydecka, K., Elosua, A., Sciberras, M., Piccirelli, S., Rullan, M., Tabone, T., Gawel, K., Stachowski, A., Lemiński, A., Marlicz, W., Fernández-Urién, I., Ellul, P., Spada, C., Pennazio, M., Toth, E., & Koulaouzidis, A. (2022). Indications, Detection, Completion and Retention Rates of Capsule Endoscopy in Two Decades of Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics, 12(5), 1105. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12051105