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Volume 11
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10.3390/diagnostics11071162
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Article

Contrast Administration Impacts CT-Based Radiomics of Colorectal Liver Metastases and Non-Tumoral Liver Parenchyma Revealing the “Radiological” Tumour Microenvironment

by
Francesco Fiz
1,*,
Guido Costa
2,
Nicolò Gennaro
3,
Ludovico la Bella
4,
Alexandra Boichuk
4,
Martina Sollini
1,4,
Letterio S. Politi
3,4,
Luca Balzarini
3,
Guido Torzilli
2,4,
Arturo Chiti
1,4 and
Luca Viganò
2,4,*
1
Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
2
Division of Hepatobiliary and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
3
Department of Diagnostic Imaging, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
4
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20089 Milan, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Diagnostics 2021, 11(7), 1162; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11071162
Submission received: 28 April 2021 / Revised: 11 June 2021 / Accepted: 22 June 2021 / Published: 25 June 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI as a Tool to Improve Hybrid Imaging in Cancer)
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Abstract

The impact of the contrast medium on the radiomic textural features (TF) extracted from the CT scan is unclear. We investigated the modification of TFs of colorectal liver metastases (CLM), peritumoral tissue, and liver parenchyma. One hundred and sixty-two patients with 409 CLMs undergoing resection (2017–2020) into a single institution were considered. We analyzed the following volumes of interest (VOIs): The CLM (Tumor-VOI); a 5-mm parenchyma rim around the CLM (Margin-VOI); and a 2-mL sample of parenchyma distant from CLM (Liver-VOI). Forty-five TFs were extracted from each VOI (LIFEx®®). Contrast enhancement affected most TFs of the Tumor-VOI (71%) and Margin-VOI (62%), and part of those of the Liver-VOI (44%, p = 0.010). After contrast administration, entropy increased and energy decreased in the Tumor-VOI (0.93 ± 0.10 vs. 0.85 ± 0.14 in pre-contrast; 0.14 ± 0.03 vs. 0.18 ± 0.04, p < 0.001) and Margin-VOI (0.89 ± 0.11 vs. 0.85 ± 0.12; 0.16 ± 0.04 vs. 0.18 ± 0.04, p < 0.001), while remaining stable in the Liver-VOI. Comparing the VOIs, pre-contrast Tumor and Margin-VOI had similar entropy and energy (0.85/0.18 for both), while Liver-VOI had lower values (0.76/0.21, p < 0.001). In the portal phase, a gradient was observed (entropy: Tumor > Margin > Liver; energy: Tumor < Margin < Liver, p < 0.001). Contrast enhancement affected TFs of CLM, while it did not modify entropy and energy of parenchyma. TFs of the peritumoral tissue had modifications similar to the Tumor-VOI despite its radiological aspect being equal to non-tumoral parenchyma.
Keywords: computed tomography; radiomics; texture analysis; colorectal liver metastases; contrast medium computed tomography; radiomics; texture analysis; colorectal liver metastases; contrast medium

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MDPI and ACS Style

Fiz, F.; Costa, G.; Gennaro, N.; la Bella, L.; Boichuk, A.; Sollini, M.; Politi, L.S.; Balzarini, L.; Torzilli, G.; Chiti, A.; et al. Contrast Administration Impacts CT-Based Radiomics of Colorectal Liver Metastases and Non-Tumoral Liver Parenchyma Revealing the “Radiological” Tumour Microenvironment. Diagnostics 2021, 11, 1162. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11071162

AMA Style

Fiz F, Costa G, Gennaro N, la Bella L, Boichuk A, Sollini M, Politi LS, Balzarini L, Torzilli G, Chiti A, et al. Contrast Administration Impacts CT-Based Radiomics of Colorectal Liver Metastases and Non-Tumoral Liver Parenchyma Revealing the “Radiological” Tumour Microenvironment. Diagnostics. 2021; 11(7):1162. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11071162

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fiz, Francesco, Guido Costa, Nicolò Gennaro, Ludovico la Bella, Alexandra Boichuk, Martina Sollini, Letterio S. Politi, Luca Balzarini, Guido Torzilli, Arturo Chiti, and et al. 2021. "Contrast Administration Impacts CT-Based Radiomics of Colorectal Liver Metastases and Non-Tumoral Liver Parenchyma Revealing the “Radiological” Tumour Microenvironment" Diagnostics 11, no. 7: 1162. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11071162

APA Style

Fiz, F., Costa, G., Gennaro, N., la Bella, L., Boichuk, A., Sollini, M., Politi, L. S., Balzarini, L., Torzilli, G., Chiti, A., & Viganò, L. (2021). Contrast Administration Impacts CT-Based Radiomics of Colorectal Liver Metastases and Non-Tumoral Liver Parenchyma Revealing the “Radiological” Tumour Microenvironment. Diagnostics, 11(7), 1162. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11071162

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