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Volume 11
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10.3390/diagnostics11122210
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Review

Host Defence Peptides in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients with Periodontal Disease. A Systematic Review

by
Muhammad Saad Shaikh
1,
Muhammad Sohail Zafar
2,3,*,
Farhan Saleem
4,
Ahmad Alnazzawi
5,
Mohid Abrar Lone
6,
Syed Jawad Ali Bukhari
7 and
Zohaib Khurshid
8
1
Department of Oral Biology, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi 75510, Pakistan
2
Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
4
General Dentistry, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia
5
Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia
6
Department of Oral Pathology, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi 75510, Pakistan
7
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
8
Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Diagnostics 2021, 11(12), 2210; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11122210
Submission received: 2 November 2021 / Revised: 20 November 2021 / Accepted: 24 November 2021 / Published: 26 November 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Concepts and Prospects of Diagnostics in Oral Diseases)
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Abstract

The aim of the study was to critically assess and review the latest evidence relating the associations between host defence peptides (HDPs), periodontal diseases (PD) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). To explore studies on HDPs, periodontal disease, and DM2, researchers utilised specific key phrases to search the electronic databases PubMed (National Library of Medicine), Embase (Ovid), Medline (EBSCO), and Dentistry and Oral Sciences (EBSCO). Quality assessment was conducted by means of the Newcastle Ottawa scale and the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) tool. Following a thorough screening process, a total of 12 papers (4 case-control, 6 cross-sectional, 1 animal, and 1 in vitro) fulfilled the selection criteria and were included. The majority of research found that HDPs were upregulated in DM2 patients with PD. Three investigations, however, found that HDPs were downregulated in DM2 patients with PD. HDPs play a part in the pathophysiology of PD and DM2. Nonetheless, more human, animal and laboratory investigations are needed to fully understand validation of the link, as the evidence is limited. Understanding HDPs as common moderators is critical, aimed at unlocking their potential as therapeutic and diagnostic agents.
Keywords: periodontal disease; diabetes mellitus; antimicrobial peptides; risk factor periodontal disease; diabetes mellitus; antimicrobial peptides; risk factor

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MDPI and ACS Style

Shaikh, M.S.; Zafar, M.S.; Saleem, F.; Alnazzawi, A.; Lone, M.A.; Bukhari, S.J.A.; Khurshid, Z. Host Defence Peptides in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients with Periodontal Disease. A Systematic Review. Diagnostics 2021, 11, 2210. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11122210

AMA Style

Shaikh MS, Zafar MS, Saleem F, Alnazzawi A, Lone MA, Bukhari SJA, Khurshid Z. Host Defence Peptides in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients with Periodontal Disease. A Systematic Review. Diagnostics. 2021; 11(12):2210. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11122210

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shaikh, Muhammad Saad, Muhammad Sohail Zafar, Farhan Saleem, Ahmad Alnazzawi, Mohid Abrar Lone, Syed Jawad Ali Bukhari, and Zohaib Khurshid. 2021. "Host Defence Peptides in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients with Periodontal Disease. A Systematic Review" Diagnostics 11, no. 12: 2210. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11122210

APA Style

Shaikh, M. S., Zafar, M. S., Saleem, F., Alnazzawi, A., Lone, M. A., Bukhari, S. J. A., & Khurshid, Z. (2021). Host Defence Peptides in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients with Periodontal Disease. A Systematic Review. Diagnostics, 11(12), 2210. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11122210

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