18F-FDG-PET Imaging Patterns in Autoimmune Encephalitis: Impact of Image Analysis on the Results
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Database Analysis
2.2. FDG-PET Image Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Clinical Findings
3.2. Brain 18F-FDG-PET/CT Findings
3.3. Final Diagnosis after Applying the Proposed Clinical Approach
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Case | Age | Gender | Antibodies Type | Cognitive Impairment | Behavioral Disorder | Seizures | Treatment | Improvement after Treatment | EEG | CSF * | PET Result | MRI Result | Additional |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 17 | F | NMDAR | Yes | Yes | Yes | Ig + MP | Yes | + | + | abnormal | normal | - |
2 | 74 | M | LGI-1 | Yes | No | Yes | Ig + MP + rituximab | Yes | + | + | abnormal | abnormal | hyponatremia |
3 | 65 | M | CASPR2 | Yes | No | Yes | Ig + MP + rituximab | Yes | + | + | abnormal | abnormal | - |
4 | 77 | F | LGI-1 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Ig + MP | Yes | + | − | abnormal | abnormal | hyponatremia |
5 | 70 | F | No | Yes | No | No | Ig + MP | Yes | − | − | abnormal | normal *** | - |
6 | 78 | M | CASPR2 | Yes | Yes | Yes ** | Ig + MP | Yes | − | − | abnormal | abnormal | - |
Case | Antibodies Type | Visual Assessment | SPM | Syngo.via Database Comparison | Neurostat 3D-SSP | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
p < 0.001 | p < 0.005 | ||||||||||
Hypo | Hyper | Hypo | Hyper | Hypo | Hyper | Hypo | Hyper | Hypo | Hyper | ||
1 | NMDAR | L Frontal, L&R Temporal, Occipital, Motor cortex | L lateral Temporal | R MTL and lateral Temporal, L Frontal. R Motor cortex | R. Insula; L lateral Temporal, L&R Parietal; PC | Similar locations but more extended | Similar locations but more extended | L&R Frontal, R temporal, occipital, L&R Motor cortex | L temporal, medial Frontal, Insula, PC, L&R Parietal, Cerebellum | L&R Frontal, R temporal, occipital, L&R Motor cortex | L Temporal, medial Frontal, Insula, PC, L&R Parietal, Cerebellum |
2 | LGI-1 | Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Thalamus, Occipital. | L&R BC | Orbitofrontal, L Temporal | L&R BG, Cerebellar vermis; L&R MTL | Similar locations and R Parietal | Similar locations but more extended | L&R Lateral Frontal, L Temporal, L&R Parietal, R PC | L&R BG, Cerebellar vermis, L&R MTL | L&R Lateral Frontal, lateral Temporal, Parietal, PC | L&R BG, Cerebellar vermis, L&R MTL |
3 | CASPR2 | - | R. MTL R. BG | - | R MTL, R BG | L&R Frontal, R. Temporal | L&R MTL; R BG; Occipital | Frontal, R Temporo-Parietal | L&R MTL, R BG, Occipital | R. Frontal | L&R MTL |
4 | LGI-1 | L Frontal, L&R parietal | L&R MTL, Cerebellar vermis, R BG | L&R Frontal, L&R lateral Temporal, R Parietal, L PC | L MTL | Similar but more extended, L&R Parietal, L&R PC | L&R MTL | L&R Frontal, L&R Parietal, L&R PC | L&R MTL Cerebellar Vermis, L&R BG, L&R Motor cortex | L&R Frontal, R Parietal, L&R PC | L&R MTL, Cerebellar vermis, Motor cortex, L&R |
5 | Negative | L Frontal, L lateral Temporal | PreCuneus, Occipital | L&R Frontal, L&R Temporal | - | L&R Frontal, R Insula, L&R Temporal | R Parietal | L&R Frontal, L&R Parietal, L Temporal | Parieto-Occipital, Precuneus, | L&R Frontal | Parieto-Occipital |
6 | CASPR2 | - | L.MTL. | L&R Fronto-temporal | - | Similar locations but more extended, Parietal | - | L&R Fronto-temporal | L MTL. | L&R Fronto-temporal | L MTL, Parieto-Occipital |
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Moreno-Ajona, D.; Prieto, E.; Grisanti, F.; Esparragosa, I.; Sánchez Orduz, L.; Gállego Pérez-Larraya, J.; Arbizu, J.; Riverol, M. 18F-FDG-PET Imaging Patterns in Autoimmune Encephalitis: Impact of Image Analysis on the Results. Diagnostics 2020, 10, 356. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10060356
Moreno-Ajona D, Prieto E, Grisanti F, Esparragosa I, Sánchez Orduz L, Gállego Pérez-Larraya J, Arbizu J, Riverol M. 18F-FDG-PET Imaging Patterns in Autoimmune Encephalitis: Impact of Image Analysis on the Results. Diagnostics. 2020; 10(6):356. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10060356
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoreno-Ajona, David, Elena Prieto, Fabiana Grisanti, Inés Esparragosa, Lizeth Sánchez Orduz, Jaime Gállego Pérez-Larraya, Javier Arbizu, and Mario Riverol. 2020. "18F-FDG-PET Imaging Patterns in Autoimmune Encephalitis: Impact of Image Analysis on the Results" Diagnostics 10, no. 6: 356. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10060356