Rehabilitation Improves Mitochondrial Energetics in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: The Significant Role of Robot-Assisted Gait Training and of the Personalized Intensity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Outcome Measures
2.3. Blood Collection and Determination of Mitochondrial Biomarkers
2.4. Endurance Walking Capacity
2.5. Rehabilitation Treatments
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Mitochondrial Function Biomarkers at Baseline
3.2. Mitochondrial Function Biomarkers in Response to Rehabilitation
3.3. Mitochondrial Function Biomarker Response to Different Types of Rehabilitation
3.4. Mitochondrial Function Biomarkers, Rehabilitative Factors and Endurance Walking Capacity
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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MS (n = 46) | Healthy (n = 10) | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Lactate, nmol/well | 1.89 ± 0.52 | 1.24 ± 0.76 | 0.001 |
Pyruvate, nmol/well | 0.26 ± 0.12 | 0.65 ± 0.18 | <0.001 |
GSH, a.f.u. | 40,896 ± 21,968 | 84,420 ± 25,181 | <0.001 |
Lactate/Pyruvate ratio | 9.55 ± 7.12 | 1.75 ± 0.73 | 0.001 |
Whole Population (n = 46) | RAGT (n = 23) | CT (n = 23) | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sessions, n | 11.7 ± 0.7 | 11.8 ± 0.7 | 11.7 ± 0.7 | 0.53 |
Average walking speed, kmh−1 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.6 | <0.001 |
Total distance walked, m | 8162 ± 3664 | 10217 ± 1109 | 6108 ± 4171 | <0.001 |
Body weight support, % | 44 ± 8 | 44 ± 8 | n.a. | n.a. |
Relative Training Intensity *, a.u. | 0.54 ± 0.33 | 0.68 ± 0.41 | 0.40 ± 0.11 | 0.003 |
T0 | T1 | T2 | |
---|---|---|---|
Lactate, nmol/well | 1.89 (1.73–2.04) | 1.75 * (1.61–1.89) | 1.52 * † (1.37–1.68) |
Pyruvate, nmol/well | 0.26 (0.22–0.30) | 0.34 * (0.30–0.37) | 0.35 * (0.32–0.39) |
GSH, a.f.u. | 40,896 (34,373–47,420) | 43,713 * (36,747–50,678) | 52,859 * † (46,002–59,716) |
Lactate/pyruvate ratio | 9.55 (7.44–11.67) | 5.89 * (5.09–6.86) | 4.93 * † (4.11–5.75) |
rmVO2, mlO2/min/100 g | 0.06 (0.05–0.07) | 0.06 (0.04–0.07) | 0.05 * (0.04–0.06) |
6MWD, m | 150 (121–180) | 164 * (134–194) | 170 * (137–204) |
RAGT (n = 23) | CT (n = 23) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T0 | T1 | T2 | T0 | T1 | T2 | |
Lactate, nmol/well | 2.00 (1.76–2.23) | 1.71 * (1.52–1.91) | 1.42 * † (1.19–1.66) | 1.77 (1.57–1.98) | 1.79 (1.58–2.00) | 1.63 * † (1.41–1.85) |
Pyruvate, nmol/well | 0.26 (0.21–0.32) | 0.37 * (0.31–0.42) | 0.38 * (0.33–0.42) | 0.26 (0.21–0.31) | 0.31 * (0.26–0.36) | 0.33 * (0.27–0.38) |
GSH, a.f.u. | 39,566 (30,487–48,645) | 45,214 (34,746–55,681) | 59,286 * † (50,688–67,884) | 42,227 (32,154–52,300) | 42,212 (32,212–52,212) | 46,432 (35,762–57,102) |
Lactate/pyruvate ratio | 10.59 (6.87–14.30) | 5.30 * (4.14–6.46) | 4.16 * † (3.33–5.00) | 8.52 (6.25–10.78) | 6.48 * (5.35–7.59) | 5.70 * (4.29–7.11) |
rmVO2, mlO2/min/100 g | 0.07 (0.06–0.09) | 0.06 (0.04–0.08) | 0.05 * (0.04–0.06) | 0.06 (0.04–0.07) | 0.05 (0.03–0.07) | 0.05 (0.03–0.07) |
6MWD, m | 151 (114–187) | 168 * (129–207) | 173 * (127–218) | 150 (100–200) | 160 * (111–210) | 167 * (114–220) |
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Manfredini, F.; Straudi, S.; Lamberti, N.; Patergnani, S.; Tisato, V.; Secchiero, P.; Bernardi, F.; Ziliotto, N.; Marchetti, G.; Basaglia, N.; et al. Rehabilitation Improves Mitochondrial Energetics in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: The Significant Role of Robot-Assisted Gait Training and of the Personalized Intensity. Diagnostics 2020, 10, 834. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10100834
Manfredini F, Straudi S, Lamberti N, Patergnani S, Tisato V, Secchiero P, Bernardi F, Ziliotto N, Marchetti G, Basaglia N, et al. Rehabilitation Improves Mitochondrial Energetics in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: The Significant Role of Robot-Assisted Gait Training and of the Personalized Intensity. Diagnostics. 2020; 10(10):834. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10100834
Chicago/Turabian StyleManfredini, Fabio, Sofia Straudi, Nicola Lamberti, Simone Patergnani, Veronica Tisato, Paola Secchiero, Francesco Bernardi, Nicole Ziliotto, Giovanna Marchetti, Nino Basaglia, and et al. 2020. "Rehabilitation Improves Mitochondrial Energetics in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: The Significant Role of Robot-Assisted Gait Training and of the Personalized Intensity" Diagnostics 10, no. 10: 834. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10100834