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Systematic Review

The Protective Role of Neurogenetic Components in Reducing Stress-Related Effects during Spaceflights: Evidence from the Age-Related Positive Memory Approach

by
Nicola Mammarella
1,*,
Matteo Gatti
1,
Irene Ceccato
2,
Adolfo Di Crosta
1,
Alberto Di Domenico
1 and
Rocco Palumbo
1
1
Department of Psychological Sciences, Health and Territory, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
2
Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Life 2022, 12(8), 1176; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12081176
Submission received: 19 June 2022 / Revised: 22 July 2022 / Accepted: 29 July 2022 / Published: 2 August 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Space Biology)
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Abstract

Fighting stress-related effects during spaceflight is crucial for a successful mission. Emotional, motivational, and cognitive mechanisms have already been shown to be involved in the decrease of negative emotions. However, emerging evidence is pointing to a neurogenetic profile that may render some individuals more prone than others to focusing on positive information in memory and increasing affective health. The relevance for adaptation to the space environment and the interaction with other stressors such as ionizing radiations is discussed. In particular, to clarify this approach better, we will draw from the psychology and aging literature data. Subsequently, we report on studies on candidate genes for sensitivity to positive memories. We review work on the following candidate genes that may be crucial in adaptation mechanisms: ADRA2B, COMT, 5HTTLPR, CB1, and TOMM40. The final aim is to show how the study of genetics and cell biology of positive memory can help us to reveal the underlying bottom-up pathways to also increasing positive effects during a space mission.
Keywords: positive emotions; positivity effect; spaceflight; long-term space missions; ADRA2B; COMT; CB1; 5HTTLPR; TOMM40 positive emotions; positivity effect; spaceflight; long-term space missions; ADRA2B; COMT; CB1; 5HTTLPR; TOMM40

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mammarella, N.; Gatti, M.; Ceccato, I.; Di Crosta, A.; Di Domenico, A.; Palumbo, R. The Protective Role of Neurogenetic Components in Reducing Stress-Related Effects during Spaceflights: Evidence from the Age-Related Positive Memory Approach. Life 2022, 12, 1176. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12081176

AMA Style

Mammarella N, Gatti M, Ceccato I, Di Crosta A, Di Domenico A, Palumbo R. The Protective Role of Neurogenetic Components in Reducing Stress-Related Effects during Spaceflights: Evidence from the Age-Related Positive Memory Approach. Life. 2022; 12(8):1176. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12081176

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mammarella, Nicola, Matteo Gatti, Irene Ceccato, Adolfo Di Crosta, Alberto Di Domenico, and Rocco Palumbo. 2022. "The Protective Role of Neurogenetic Components in Reducing Stress-Related Effects during Spaceflights: Evidence from the Age-Related Positive Memory Approach" Life 12, no. 8: 1176. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12081176

APA Style

Mammarella, N., Gatti, M., Ceccato, I., Di Crosta, A., Di Domenico, A., & Palumbo, R. (2022). The Protective Role of Neurogenetic Components in Reducing Stress-Related Effects during Spaceflights: Evidence from the Age-Related Positive Memory Approach. Life, 12(8), 1176. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12081176

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