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Review

Prospective Role of Bioactive Molecules and Exosomes in the Therapeutic Potential of Camel Milk against Human Diseases: An Updated Perspective

by
Farheen Badrealam Khan
1,*,†,
Mohammad Azam Ansari
2,*,†,
Shahab Uddin
3,4,5,
Abdul Rasheed Palakott
1,
Irfa Anwar
1,
Ahmad Almatroudi
6,
Mohammad N. Alomary
7,
Faris Alrumaihi
6,
Faris F. Aba Alkhayl
6,8,
Saad Alghamdi
9,
Khalid Muhammad
1,
Chih-Yang Huang
10,11,12,13,14,
Jayasimha Rayalu Daddam
15,
Haroon Khan
16,
Sajid Maqsood
17,18 and
Mohammed Akli Ayoub
1,18,*
1
Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
2
Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
3
Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
4
Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
5
Laboratory of Animal Center, Qatar University, Doha 2731, Qatar
6
Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia
7
National Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
8
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Colleges, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
9
Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
10
Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
11
Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
12
Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
13
Centre of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan
14
Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
15
Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel
16
Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
17
Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
18
Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
 
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*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Life 2022, 12(7), 990; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12070990
Submission received: 9 May 2022 / Revised: 20 June 2022 / Accepted: 22 June 2022 / Published: 4 July 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenolic Compounds and Their Nanoformulation: Metabolism and Impact on Human Health)
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Abstract

Camel milk (CM) constitutes an important dietary source in the hot and arid regions of the world. CM is a colloidal mixture of nutritional components (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, and minerals) and non-nutritional components (hormones, growth factors, cytokines, immunoglobulins, and exosomes). Although the majority of previous research has been focused on the nutritional components of CM; there has been immense interest in the non-nutritional components in the recent past. Reckoning with these, in this review, we have provided a glimpse of the recent trends in CM research endeavors and attempted to provide our perspective on the therapeutic efficacy of the nutritional and non-nutritional components of CM. Interestingly, with concerted efforts from the research fraternities, convincing evidence for the better understanding of the claimed traditional health benefits of CM can be foreseen with great enthusiasm and is indeed eagerly anticipated.
Keywords: bioactive peptides; camel milk; cancer; diabetes; molecular signaling; exosomes; human diseases; therapeutics bioactive peptides; camel milk; cancer; diabetes; molecular signaling; exosomes; human diseases; therapeutics

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MDPI and ACS Style

Khan, F.B.; Ansari, M.A.; Uddin, S.; Palakott, A.R.; Anwar, I.; Almatroudi, A.; Alomary, M.N.; Alrumaihi, F.; Aba Alkhayl, F.F.; Alghamdi, S.; et al. Prospective Role of Bioactive Molecules and Exosomes in the Therapeutic Potential of Camel Milk against Human Diseases: An Updated Perspective. Life 2022, 12, 990. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12070990

AMA Style

Khan FB, Ansari MA, Uddin S, Palakott AR, Anwar I, Almatroudi A, Alomary MN, Alrumaihi F, Aba Alkhayl FF, Alghamdi S, et al. Prospective Role of Bioactive Molecules and Exosomes in the Therapeutic Potential of Camel Milk against Human Diseases: An Updated Perspective. Life. 2022; 12(7):990. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12070990

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khan, Farheen Badrealam, Mohammad Azam Ansari, Shahab Uddin, Abdul Rasheed Palakott, Irfa Anwar, Ahmad Almatroudi, Mohammad N. Alomary, Faris Alrumaihi, Faris F. Aba Alkhayl, Saad Alghamdi, and et al. 2022. "Prospective Role of Bioactive Molecules and Exosomes in the Therapeutic Potential of Camel Milk against Human Diseases: An Updated Perspective" Life 12, no. 7: 990. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12070990

APA Style

Khan, F. B., Ansari, M. A., Uddin, S., Palakott, A. R., Anwar, I., Almatroudi, A., Alomary, M. N., Alrumaihi, F., Aba Alkhayl, F. F., Alghamdi, S., Muhammad, K., Huang, C.-Y., Daddam, J. R., Khan, H., Maqsood, S., & Ayoub, M. A. (2022). Prospective Role of Bioactive Molecules and Exosomes in the Therapeutic Potential of Camel Milk against Human Diseases: An Updated Perspective. Life, 12(7), 990. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12070990

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