Factors Associated with the Uptake of Genetic Testing for Cancer Risks: A Pathway Analysis Using the Health Information National Trends Survey Data
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Study Variable
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Did Genetic Testing (n = 142) | Did Not (n = 2799) | Total (n = 2941) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender, n (%) | ||||
Male | 30 (21.1) | 1154 (41.2) | 1184 (40.3) | <0.01 |
Female | 112 (78.9) | 1645 (58.8) | 1757 (59.7) | |
Age group, n (%) | ||||
18–34 | 10 (7.0) | 408 (14.6) | 418 (14.2) | |
35–49 | 32 (22.5) | 548 (19.6) | 580 (19.7) | 0.085 |
50–64 | 56 (39.4) | 912 (32.6) | 968 (32.9) | |
65–74 | 30 (21.1) | 619 (22.1) | 649 (22.1) | |
75 and above | 14 (9.9) | 312 (11.1) | 326 (11.1) | |
BMI category, n (%) | ||||
Underweight | 3 (2.1) | 37 (1.3) | 40 (1.4) | |
Normal | 51 (35.9) | 852 (30.4) | 903 (30.7) | 0.340 |
Overweight | 44 (31.0) | 914 (32.7) | 958 (32.6) | |
Obesity | 44 (31.0) | 996 (35.6) | 1040 (35.4) | |
Marital status, n (%) | ||||
Married/Living together | 74 (52.1) | 1545 (55.2) | 1619 (55.0) | 0.071 |
Divorced/Separated | 50 (35.2) | 761 (27.2) | 811 (27.6) | |
Single/Never married | 18 (12.7) | 493 (17.6) | 511 (17.4) | |
Location, n (%) | ||||
Metropolitan | 127 (89.4) | 2459 (87.9) | 2586 (87.9) | |
Micropolitan | 10 (7.0) | 201 (7.2) | 211 (7.2) | 0.961 |
Small town | 4 (2.8) | 93 (3.3) | 97 (3.3) | |
Rural | 1 (0.7) | 46 (1.6) | 47 (1.6) | |
Race, n (%) | ||||
Non-Hispanic White | 100 (70.4) | 1914 (68.4) | 2014 (68.5) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 20 (14.1) | 397 (14.2) | 417 (14.2) | 0.920 |
Hispanic | 17 (12.0) | 360 (12.9) | 377 (12.8) | |
Non-Hispanic other | 5 (3.5) | 128 (4.6) | 133 (4.5) | |
Education, n (%) | ||||
Less than High School | 12 (8.5) | 122 (4.4) | 134 (4.6) | |
High School | 20 (14.1) | 442 (15.8) | 462 (15.7) | 0.053 |
Some College | 45 (31.7) | 849 (30.2) | 891 (30.3) | |
Bachelor | 30 (21.1) | 813 (29.0) | 843 (28.7) | |
Post-Baccalaureate | 35 (24.6) | 576 (20.6) | 611 (20.8) | |
Occupation, n (%) | ||||
Employed | 76 (53.5) | 1516 (54.2) | 1592 (54.1) | |
Unemployed | 4 (2.8) | 159 (5.7) | 163 (5.5) | 0.020 |
Retired | 38 (26.8) | 855 (30.5) | 893 (30.4) | |
Other | 24 (16.9) | 269 (9.6) | 293 (10.0) | |
Income, n (%) | ||||
Less than USD 20,000 | 24 (16.9) | 443 (15.8) | 467 (15.9) | |
USD 20,000 to <USD 35,000 | 11 (7.7) | 301 (10.8) | 312 (10.6) | 0.843 |
USD 35,000 to <USD 50,000 | 16 (11.3) | 328 (11.7) | 344 (11.7) | |
USD 50,000 to <USD 75,000 | 24 (16.9) | 464 (16.6) | 488 (16.6) | |
USD 75,000 or More | 67 (47.2) | 1263 (45.1) | 1330 (45.2) | |
Insurance, n (%) | ||||
Yes | 141 (99.3) | 2665 (95.2) | 2806 (95.4) | 0.021 |
No | 1 (0.7) | 134 (4.8) | 135 (4.6) | |
Smoke, n (%) | ||||
Current | 15 (10.6) | 310 (11.1) | 325 (11.1) | 0.925 |
Former | 37 (26.1) | 690 (24.7) | 727 (24.7) | |
Never | 90 (63.4) | 1799 (64.3) | 1889 (64.2) | |
Moderate drink, n (%) | ||||
Yes | 106 (74.6) | 2215 (79.1) | 2321 (78.9) | 0.241 |
No | 36 (25.4) | 584 (20.9) | 620 (21.1) | |
Sufficient exercise per week, n (%) | ||||
Yes | 55 (38.7) | 1074 (38.4) | 1129 (38.4) | 0.999 |
No | 87 (61.3) | 1725 (61.6) | 1812 (61.6) | |
General health score, n (%) | ||||
Excellent | 18 (12.7) | 343 (12.3) | 361 (12.3) | |
Very good | 44 (31.0) | 1062 (37.9) | 1106 (37.6) | 0.250 |
Good | 57 (40.1) | 1008 (36.0) | 1065 (36.2) | |
Fair | 17 (12.0) | 327 (11.7) | 344 (11.7) | |
Poor | 6 (4.2) | 59 (2.1) | 65 (2.2) | |
Family cancer history, n (%) | ||||
Yes | 126 (88.7) | 2099 (75.0) | 2225 (75.7) | <0.01 |
No | 9 (6.3) | 504 (18.0) | 513 (17.4) | |
Not sure | 7 (4.9) | 196 (7.0) | 203 (6.9) | |
Ever had cancer, n (%) | ||||
Yes | 50 (35.2) | 423 (15.1) | 473 (16.1) | <0.01 |
No | 92 (64.8) | 2376 (84.9) | 2468 (83.9) |
Characteristics | Did Genetic Testing (n = 142) | Did Not (n = 2799) | Total (n = 2941) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Information source | ||||
Newspaper, n (%) | ||||
Yes | 29 (20.4) | 417 (14.9) | 446 (15.2) | 0.095 |
No | 113 (79.6) | 2382 (85.1) | 2495 (84.8) | |
Magazine, n (%) | ||||
Yes | 31 (21.8) | 493 (17.6) | 524 (17.8) | 0.242 |
No | 111 (78.2) | 2306 (82.4) | 2417 (82.2) | |
Radio, n (%) | ||||
Yes | 17 (12.0) | 464 (16.6) | 481 (16.4) | 0.183 |
No | 125 (88.0) | 2335 (83.4) | 2460 (83.6) | |
Healthcare provider, n (%) | ||||
Yes | 85 (59.9) | 485 (17.3) | 570 (19.4) | <0.01 |
No | 57 (40.1) | 2314 (82.7) | 2371 (80.6) | |
Genetic counsellor, n (%) | ||||
Yes | 39 (27.5) | 66 (2.4) | 105 (3.6) | <0.01 |
No | 103 (72.5) | 2733 (97.6) | 2836 (96.4) | |
Family member, n (%) | ||||
Yes | 55 (38.7) | 1032 (36.9) | 1087 (37.0) | 0.712 |
No | 87 (61.3) | 1767 (63.1) | 1854 (63.0) | |
Friend, n (%) | ||||
Yes | 38 (26.8) | 797 (28.5) | 835 (28.4) | 0.729 |
No | 104 (73.2) | 2002 (71.5) | 2106 (71.6) | |
Social media, n (%) | ||||
Yes | 42 (29.6) | 921 (32.9) | 963 (32.7) | 0.464 |
No | 100 (70.4) | 1878 (67.1) | 1978 (67.3) | |
Television, n (%) | ||||
Yes | 73 (51.4) | 1769 (63.2) | 1842 (62.6) | <0.01 |
No | 69 (48.6) | 1030 (36.8) | 1099 (37.4) | |
Internet, n (%) | ||||
Yes | 74 (52.1) | 1369 (48.9) | 1443 (49.1) | 0.510 |
No | 68 (47.9) | 1430 (51.1) | 1498 (50.9) |
Characteristics | Did Genetic Testing (n = 142) | Did Not (n = 2799) | Total (n = 2941) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Perception | ||||
Preventing cancer, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
A lot | 91 (64.1) | 1285 (45.9) | 1376 (46.8) | |
Somewhat | 38 (26.8) | 949 (33.9) | 987 (33.6) | |
A little | 9 (6.3) | 395 (14.1) | 404 (13.7) | |
Not at all | 4 (2.8) | 170 (6.1) | 174 (5.9) | |
Detecting cancer, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
A lot | 105 (73.9) | 1515 (54.1) | 1620 (55.1) | |
Somewhat | 32 (22.5) | 868 (31.0) | 900 (30.6) | |
A little | 3 (2.1) | 297 (10.6) | 300 (10.2) | |
Not at all | 2 (1.4) | 119 (4.3) | 121 (4.1) | |
Treating cancer, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
A lot | 88 (62.0) | 1334 (47.7) | 1422 (48.4) | |
Somewhat | 32 (22.5) | 884 (31.6) | 916 (31.1) | |
A little | 9 (6.3) | 394 (14.1) | 403 (13.7) | |
Not at all | 13 (9.2) | 187 (6.7) | 200 (6.8) |
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Dong, X.; Huang, J.; Yi, Y.; Zhang, L.; Li, T.; Chen, Y. Factors Associated with the Uptake of Genetic Testing for Cancer Risks: A Pathway Analysis Using the Health Information National Trends Survey Data. Life 2022, 12, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12122024
Dong X, Huang J, Yi Y, Zhang L, Li T, Chen Y. Factors Associated with the Uptake of Genetic Testing for Cancer Risks: A Pathway Analysis Using the Health Information National Trends Survey Data. Life. 2022; 12(12):2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12122024
Chicago/Turabian StyleDong, Xiangning, Jingxian Huang, Yanze Yi, Lanwei Zhang, Tenglong Li, and Ying Chen. 2022. "Factors Associated with the Uptake of Genetic Testing for Cancer Risks: A Pathway Analysis Using the Health Information National Trends Survey Data" Life 12, no. 12: 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12122024
APA StyleDong, X., Huang, J., Yi, Y., Zhang, L., Li, T., & Chen, Y. (2022). Factors Associated with the Uptake of Genetic Testing for Cancer Risks: A Pathway Analysis Using the Health Information National Trends Survey Data. Life, 12(12), 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12122024