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Article

ACR-Nav: Localization-Free Corridor Navigation via Action-Conditioned Scalar-Range Evolution

1
Faculty of Automotive and New Energy, Liuzhou Railway Vocational Technical College, Liuzhou 545616, China
2
Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
3
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Machines 2026, 14(9), 1026; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines14091026
Submission received: 29 July 2026 / Revised: 25 August 2026 / Accepted: 5 September 2026 / Published: 8 September 2026

Abstract

Mapless navigation often removes global maps while retaining localization-derived goal vectors or bearings. We study a stricter setting in which a mobile robot observes only local LiDAR, scalar goal range, and short histories of executed actions; neither pose nor goal direction is provided to the policy. We introduce ACR-Nav, an action-conditioned range navigation framework that converts scalar-range evolution into closed-loop progress information. Its range–action history associates each distance change with the motion that produced it, while the sectorized LiDAR captures local geometry and short-term obstacle motion. A LiDAR-only safety filter provides immediate collision intervention, and a static-to-mixed curriculum stabilizes learning. A lightweight multilayer–perceptron is optimized with Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), while the ACR-Nav formulation itself remains optimizer-agnostic. In corridor simulations, ACR-Nav achieved 93.2%, 80.4%, and 84.4% success in static, mixed, and dynamic environments. Removing the safety filter reduced success by 15.2, 14.6, and 16.0 percentage points in static, mixed, and dynamic environments, respectively, and random-goal tests yielded 91.2% and 81.4% success in static and mixed settings. Topology-shift experiments further quantified adaptation to an L-shaped corridor. The results show that action-conditioned scalar-range evolution can support goal-directed, segment-level navigation within locally straight corridor passages without exposing robot pose or target bearing to the policy.
Keywords: localization-free navigation; scalar range; deep reinforcement learning; dynamic obstacle avoidance; mobile robots localization-free navigation; scalar range; deep reinforcement learning; dynamic obstacle avoidance; mobile robots

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Shen, Q.; Wang, Z.; Feng, Y.; Xu, K. ACR-Nav: Localization-Free Corridor Navigation via Action-Conditioned Scalar-Range Evolution. Machines 2026, 14, 1026. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines14091026

AMA Style

Shen Q, Wang Z, Feng Y, Xu K. ACR-Nav: Localization-Free Corridor Navigation via Action-Conditioned Scalar-Range Evolution. Machines. 2026; 14(9):1026. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines14091026

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shen, Qiguang, Zhaoyue Wang, Yifei Feng, and Kun Xu. 2026. "ACR-Nav: Localization-Free Corridor Navigation via Action-Conditioned Scalar-Range Evolution" Machines 14, no. 9: 1026. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines14091026

APA Style

Shen, Q., Wang, Z., Feng, Y., & Xu, K. (2026). ACR-Nav: Localization-Free Corridor Navigation via Action-Conditioned Scalar-Range Evolution. Machines, 14(9), 1026. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines14091026

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