Leading-Edge Erosion and Floating Particles: Stagnation Point Simulation in Particle-Laden Turbulent Flow via Lagrangian Particle Tracking
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Theory
2.2. Turbulent Flow Characterizations
2.3. Stokes Number
2.4. Stagnation Plane Definition
- In the Lagrangian particle tracking method (LPT), the path line of each particle can be followed from the time it entered the study area to the time it left.
- When particles encircle the streamlined body, two-particle states can be observed; the particles either pass the stagnation plane or continue their path without crossing the stagnation plane.
3. Apparatus
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Particle Characterization
4.2. Particle Leading to Erosion and Stagnation Plane
4.3. Erosion Caused by Turbulence and Flow Strain
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
LPT | Lagrangian Particle Tracking |
PTV | Particle Tracking Velocimetry |
PIV | Particle Image Velocimetry |
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Particle Type | Diameter [mm] | Density [kg/m] | [ms] | Strain Rate on a Prototype Airfoil S809 [s] | Non-Dimensional Time Scale |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hail | 5.00 | 8.2 × 10 | 6.3 × 10 | 14 | 8.8 × 10 |
Raindrop | 1.00 | 1.0 × 10 | 3.0 × 10 | 14 | 4.3 × 10 |
Sand | 0.67 | 1.4 × 10 | 7.1 × 10 | 14 | 9.9 × 10 |
Insects | 5.00 | 2.4 × 10 | 3.5 × 10 | 14 | 4.7 × 10 |
Tracer | 0.01 | 1.1 × 10 | 1.6 × 10 | 14 | 2.3 × 10 |
Inertial | 0.25 | 2.5 × 10 | 2.8 × 10 | 14 | 3.9 × 10 |
Flow Case | Mean Strain Rate [s] | x-Coordinate [mm] | y-Coordinate [mm] |
---|---|---|---|
4 | −4.6 | 7.3 | |
8 | −2.3 | 7.0 | |
4 | 1.9 | 1.6 | |
8 | 2.8 | −3.1 |
Turbulence Intensity | Mean Strain Rate [s] | Particle Type | Erosion Ratio (ER) |
---|---|---|---|
4 | Tracer | 26% | |
4 | Inertial | 28% | |
8 | Tracer | 36% | |
8 | Inertial | 32% | |
4 | Tracer | 49% | |
4 | Inertial | 47% | |
8 | Tracer | 46% | |
8 | Inertial | 42% |
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Hassanian, R.; Riedel, M. Leading-Edge Erosion and Floating Particles: Stagnation Point Simulation in Particle-Laden Turbulent Flow via Lagrangian Particle Tracking. Machines 2023, 11, 566. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11050566
Hassanian R, Riedel M. Leading-Edge Erosion and Floating Particles: Stagnation Point Simulation in Particle-Laden Turbulent Flow via Lagrangian Particle Tracking. Machines. 2023; 11(5):566. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11050566
Chicago/Turabian StyleHassanian, Reza, and Morris Riedel. 2023. "Leading-Edge Erosion and Floating Particles: Stagnation Point Simulation in Particle-Laden Turbulent Flow via Lagrangian Particle Tracking" Machines 11, no. 5: 566. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11050566
APA StyleHassanian, R., & Riedel, M. (2023). Leading-Edge Erosion and Floating Particles: Stagnation Point Simulation in Particle-Laden Turbulent Flow via Lagrangian Particle Tracking. Machines, 11(5), 566. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11050566