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Volume 11
Issue 5
10.3390/min11050514
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Article

A New Constraint on the Physicochemical Condition of Mars Surface during the Amazonian Epoch Based on Chemical Speciation for Secondary Minerals in Martian Nakhlites

by
Hiroki Suga
1,*,†,
Keika Suzuki
2,†,
Tomohiro Usui
3,
Akira Yamaguchi
4,
Oki Sekizawa
1,
Kiyofumi Nitta
1,
Yasuo Takeichi
5,
Takuji Ohigashi
6 and
Yoshio Takahashi
2,†
1
Spectroscopy and Imaging Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI/SPring-8), Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
2
Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
3
Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
4
National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
5
Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
6
UVSOR facility, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Minerals 2021, 11(5), 514; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11050514
Submission received: 28 February 2021 / Revised: 5 May 2021 / Accepted: 11 May 2021 / Published: 13 May 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Expanding Views of Clays, Oxides, and Evaporites on Aquaplanets in the Solar System)
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Abstract

Iddingsite in Martian nakhlites contains various secondary minerals that reflect water–rock interaction on Mars. However, the formation processes of secondary Fe minerals in iddingsite are unclear because they include carbonates precipitated under reductive and alkaline conditions and sulfates that are generally precipitated under oxidative and acidic conditions. Mineral types cannot coexist under equilibrium. Herein, we characterize the carbonate phase of meteorite Yamato 000593 as siderite and Mn-bearing siderite via field-emission electron probe microanalyzer (FE-EPMA). Then, we examined the distribution and speciation of trace Cr and S within the carbonates through synchrotron micro-focused X-ray fluorescence-X-ray absorption fine structure and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (μ-XRF-XAFS/STXM) analysis to estimate the transition history of Eh-pH conditions during siderite formation to explain the coexistence of carbonate and sulfate phases in the nakhlite vein. Specifically, the distribution and speciation of S in the mesostasis and carbonate phases and the heterogeneous distribution of Mn-FeCO3 incorporating Cr(III) in the carbonate constrain the Eh-pH condition. The conditions and transition of the fluid chemistry determined herein based on speciation of various elements provide a new constraint on the physicochemical condition of the water that altered the nakhlite body during the Amazonian epoch.
Keywords: nakhlite; μ-XRF-XAFS; chemical speciation; Mars; martian water; aqueous alteration; Y 000593; S chemistry; Mn chemistry; Cr chemistry nakhlite; μ-XRF-XAFS; chemical speciation; Mars; martian water; aqueous alteration; Y 000593; S chemistry; Mn chemistry; Cr chemistry

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MDPI and ACS Style

Suga, H.; Suzuki, K.; Usui, T.; Yamaguchi, A.; Sekizawa, O.; Nitta, K.; Takeichi, Y.; Ohigashi, T.; Takahashi, Y. A New Constraint on the Physicochemical Condition of Mars Surface during the Amazonian Epoch Based on Chemical Speciation for Secondary Minerals in Martian Nakhlites. Minerals 2021, 11, 514. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11050514

AMA Style

Suga H, Suzuki K, Usui T, Yamaguchi A, Sekizawa O, Nitta K, Takeichi Y, Ohigashi T, Takahashi Y. A New Constraint on the Physicochemical Condition of Mars Surface during the Amazonian Epoch Based on Chemical Speciation for Secondary Minerals in Martian Nakhlites. Minerals. 2021; 11(5):514. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11050514

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suga, Hiroki, Keika Suzuki, Tomohiro Usui, Akira Yamaguchi, Oki Sekizawa, Kiyofumi Nitta, Yasuo Takeichi, Takuji Ohigashi, and Yoshio Takahashi. 2021. "A New Constraint on the Physicochemical Condition of Mars Surface during the Amazonian Epoch Based on Chemical Speciation for Secondary Minerals in Martian Nakhlites" Minerals 11, no. 5: 514. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11050514

APA Style

Suga, H., Suzuki, K., Usui, T., Yamaguchi, A., Sekizawa, O., Nitta, K., Takeichi, Y., Ohigashi, T., & Takahashi, Y. (2021). A New Constraint on the Physicochemical Condition of Mars Surface during the Amazonian Epoch Based on Chemical Speciation for Secondary Minerals in Martian Nakhlites. Minerals, 11(5), 514. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11050514

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