Comparative Studies of Quaternary Ammonium Salts on the Aggregation and Dispersion Behavior of Kaolinite and Quartz
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Chemicals
2.2. Sedimentation Tests
2.3. Adsorbed Amount Measurements
2.4. Zeta Potential Measurements
2.5. SEM Measurements
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. The Effect of Quaternary Ammonium Salts on Sedimentation Behavior of Kaolinite and Quartz
3.2. Adsorption of Quaternary Ammonium Salts on Kaolinite and Quartz Surfaces
3.3. SEM Image Analysis
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- In the absence of reagents, the kaolinite particles showed an improved aggregation behavior in neutral and acid conditions, at which the sedimentation yield of kaolinite was over 90%. Under the same experimental conditions, the quartz particles exhibited a comparatively lower aggregation behavior, and their sedimentation yield was less than 60%.
- (2)
- Except for CTAC, the additions of DTAC and TTAC increased the aggregation of the kaolinite and quartz particles in neutral and alkaline conditions. The aggregation yields of both minerals were increased significantly with the increasing the concentration of DTAC and TTAC. However, under the same conditions, the increasing concentration of CTAC resulted in an increase in the dispersion of kaolinite and quartz particles.
- (3)
- In neutral and alkaline conditions, increasing the concentration of the quaternary ammonium salts increased the Zeta potentials as well as the adsorbed amounts of all three salts on the two minerals. Moreover, the effect of CTAC on the adsorption amounts and Zeta potentials of two minerals was much greater than those of DTAC and TTAC. The greater affinity of CTAC towards the minerals was mainly due to its longer carbon chain compared to that of DTAC and TTAC; the longer the carbon chain, the greater the effect on the Zeta potential and adsorbed amount on the kaolinite and quartz surface.
- (4)
- The aggregation of kaolinite and quartz particles in the presence of quaternary ammonium salts mainly occurred either from basal to basal, or basal to edge planes in acidic conditions, whereas that in alkaline and neutral conditions mainly occurred between the basal planes.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Components | Al2O3 | SiO2 | Fe2O3 | TiO2 | CaO | MgO | K2O | Na2O | LOI a |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kaolinite | 39.2 | 43.67 | 0.32 | 1.98 | 0.01 | 0.068 | 0.094 | 0.028 | 13.98 |
Quartz | 0.77 | 94.95 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0 | 0.01 | 0 | 3.47 |
Quaternary Ammonium Salts | Abbreviation | Molecular Formula | Weight Molecular | Carbon Chain Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride | DTAC | C12H25(CH3)3NCl | 263.90 | 12 |
Tetradecyltrimethylammonium chloride | TTAC | C14H29(CH3)3NCl | 291.94 | 14 |
Hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride | CTAC | C16H33(CH3)3NCl | 320.00 | 16 |
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Jiang, H.; Xiang, G.; Khoso, S.A.; Xie, J.; Huang, K.; Xu, L. Comparative Studies of Quaternary Ammonium Salts on the Aggregation and Dispersion Behavior of Kaolinite and Quartz. Minerals 2019, 9, 473. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9080473
Jiang H, Xiang G, Khoso SA, Xie J, Huang K, Xu L. Comparative Studies of Quaternary Ammonium Salts on the Aggregation and Dispersion Behavior of Kaolinite and Quartz. Minerals. 2019; 9(8):473. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9080473
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiang, Hao, Guoyuan Xiang, Sultan Ahmed Khoso, Jiahui Xie, Kai Huang, and Longhua Xu. 2019. "Comparative Studies of Quaternary Ammonium Salts on the Aggregation and Dispersion Behavior of Kaolinite and Quartz" Minerals 9, no. 8: 473. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9080473