Fabrication and Thermal Properties of Capric Acid/Calcinated Iron Tailings/Carbon Nanotubes Composite as Form-Stable Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experiment
2.1. Material
2.2. Preparation of FSPCM
2.3. Characterization of FSPCM
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. The Leakage Tests of CA/CIT/CNT Composites
3.2. Morphology of the CA, CIT, CNT, CA/CIT, and CA/CIT/CNT Composites
3.3. Chemical Compatibility of the CA/CIT/CNT Composites
3.4. Thermal Properties of the CA/CIT/CNT FSPCMs
3.5. Thermal Stability of the CA/CIT/CNT FSPCMs
3.6. Thermal Storage/Release Performance of the CA/CIT/CNT FSPCMs
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | K2O + Na2O | Others |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Iron tailings | 31.98 | 6.49 | 10.23 | 30.77 | 13.84 | 1.64 | 5.05 |
CIT | 33.97 | 7.23 | 10.59 | 31.14 | 13.91 | 1.66 | 1.50 |
Diatomite | 97.91 | 1.04 | 0.65 | - | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0. 23 |
Perlite | 74.6 | 13.1 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.19 | 7.87 | 2.58 |
Properties | CA | CNT |
---|---|---|
CAS number | 334-48-5 | 308068-56-6 |
Chemical formula | C10H20O2 | - |
Molecular weight | 172.26 | - |
Purity (%) | 98.5 | 91% |
Melting point (°C) | 31.4 °C | 3550 °C |
Solidifying point (°C) | ≥29.0 °C | - |
Thermal conductivity (w/(m∙k)) | - | 2860 |
Step | Sample | The Composition Ratio of the CA/CIT Composites | Leakage Ratio (%) | Leakage Area of the Sample (cm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | S1-1 | Pure CA | 46.07 | 72.35 |
1 | S1-2 | 50% CA + 50% CIT | 21.80 | 39.57 |
1 | S1-3 | 40% CA + 60% CIT | 15.43 | 26.41 |
1 | S1-4 | 30% CA + 70% CIT | 12.89 | 18.85 |
1 | S1-5 | 20% CA + 80% CIT | 0.50 (negligible) | (Missing) |
1 | S1-6 | 10% CA + 90% CIT | 0.33 (negligible) | 0 |
Item | Melting Temperature (°C) | Solidifying Temperature (°C) | Latent Heat of Melting (J/g) | Latent Heat of Solidifying (J/g) | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capric-myristic acid (20 wt.%)/VMT | 19.8 | 17.1 | 27.46 | 31.42 | [53] |
Capric-myristic acid (20 wt.%)/VMT + EG (2 wt.%) | 19.7 | 17.1 | 26.9 | (Missing) | [53] |
Capric-lauric acid (26 wt.%)/gypsum | 19.11 | (Missing) | 35.24 | (Missing) | [54] |
Dodecanol (25–30 wt.%)/gypsum | 20.0 | 21.0 | 17.0 | (Missing) | [55,56] |
Propyl palmitate (25–30 wt.%)/gypsun | 19.0 | 16.0 | 40.0 | [55,56] | |
Capric-lauric acid (25–30 wt.%) + fire retardant/gypsum | 17.0 | 21.0 | 28.0 | (Missing) | [57] |
Paraffin (18 wt.%)/kaolin | 23.9 | 26.3 | 27.9 | (Missing) | [58] |
Xylitol pentalaurate (19 wt.%)/cement | 44.07 | 41.08 | 31.09 | 27.36 | [59] |
Xylitol pentalaurate (20 wt.%)/gypsum | 40.44 | 39.53 | 31.77 | 29.47 | [59] |
Capric-palmitic acid (25 wt.%)/gypsum wallboard | 21.12 | 21.46 | 36.23 | 38.28 | [60] |
Emerest 2326 (25.7 wt.%)/gypsum | 16.32 | 19.7 | 34.77 | 33.97 | [61] |
PA (25 wt.%)/active aluminum oxide | 74.13 | 59.57 | 28.56 | 17.53 | [62] |
S1-5 (CA 20 wt.% + CIT 80 wt.%) | 30.73 | 28.98 | 25.14 | 23.05 | This study |
CA/CIT/CNT (CA20 wt.% + CIT 80 wt.%/CNT 5 wt.%) | 29.70 | 28.09 | 22.69 | 21.17 | This study |
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Liu, P.; Gu, X.; Zhang, Z.; Shi, J.; Rao, J.; Bian, L. Fabrication and Thermal Properties of Capric Acid/Calcinated Iron Tailings/Carbon Nanotubes Composite as Form-Stable Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage. Minerals 2019, 9, 648. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9110648
Liu P, Gu X, Zhang Z, Shi J, Rao J, Bian L. Fabrication and Thermal Properties of Capric Acid/Calcinated Iron Tailings/Carbon Nanotubes Composite as Form-Stable Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage. Minerals. 2019; 9(11):648. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9110648
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Peng, Xiaobin Gu, Zhikai Zhang, Jianping Shi, Jun Rao, and Liang Bian. 2019. "Fabrication and Thermal Properties of Capric Acid/Calcinated Iron Tailings/Carbon Nanotubes Composite as Form-Stable Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage" Minerals 9, no. 11: 648. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9110648