Platinum-Group Mineral Occurrences and Platinum-Group Elemental Geochemistry of the Xiadong Alaskan-Type Complex in the Southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geological Background
3. Materials and Analytical Methods
3.1. Sample Description
3.2. Sample Preparation
3.3. Sample Analyses
4. Results
4.1. Occurrences of PGM and Sulfide
4.2. Whole-Rock PGE Geochemistry
5. Discussion
5.1. Primary and Late-Stage Generation of PGM and Sulfide
5.2. Relationship between PGM Occurrences and Bulk PGE Concentrations
5.3. Implications on PGE Mineralization in Eastern Tianshan
6. Conclusions
- Platinum-group minerals in the dunite from the Xiadong Alaskan-type complex are mainly PGE sulfide and sulfarsenide and occur as inclusions in chromite and clinopyroxene or as interstitial grains along fractures in chromite. The occurrence of PGE-rich inclusions such as laurite in chromite indicates that PGMs already have formed in the silicate melt and subsequently incorporated in the growing chromite grains. The occurrence of interstitial anduoite-irarsite grains along fractures of chromite and Se incorporation in laurite in clinopyroxene are ikely related to late-stage hydrothermal alteration.
- The dunites have the highest PGE concentrations relative to other lithologies of the Xiadong complex, which is generally consistent with the presence of PGMs. Many laurite and irarsite grains were observed either as euhedral inclusions or along fractures in chromite grains, consistent with IPGE enrichment in all dunites. A few PPGMs were observed with a wide range of Pt and Pd concentrations in most dunite samples. Hornblende clinopyroxenite, hornblendite and hornblende gabbro are all depleted in PGEs, consistent with the identification of only one laurite inclusion in hornblende clinopyroxene. They also suggest that PGEs had already formed the early solid phases prior to the crystallization of chromite and mostly afterwards were collected in dunites during magma differentiation.
- Compared to the MORB PGE concentration with the low degree of partial melting, the Xiadong complex shows higher PGE concentration, suggesting that both IPGE and PPGE transferred to the melt with a high-degree of melting. When compared with the regional mafic–ultramafic intrusions in Eastern Tianshan, the Xiadong complex has the greatest PGE enrichment. This is consistent with the identification of PGE anomalies by regional geochemical surveys, demonstrating the potential for PGE mineralization in this region.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Element/Spot | Os | Ir | Ru | Pt | Fe | Ni | Se | As | S | Total (wt.%) | Os * | Ir * | Ru * | Pt * | Fe * | Ni * | Se * | As * | S * |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 52.9 | 11.6 | 34.5 | - | - | 1.0 | - | - | - | 100 | 0.40 | 0.09 | 0.49 | - | - | 0.03 | - | - | - |
2 | 54.2 | 11.3 | 34.5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 100 | 0.42 | 0.09 | 0.50 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
3 | - | 18.9 | 32.9 | 5.50 | - | 2.20 | - | 37.1 | 3.50 | 100 | - | 0.91 | 3.01 | 0.26 | - | 0.34 | - | 4.58 | 1.00 |
4 | - | 60.6 | 3.10 | - | - | - | - | 23.3 | 13.1 | 100 | - | 0.77 | 0.08 | - | - | - | - | 0.76 | 1.00 |
5 | - | 60.0 | 3.40 | - | - | - | - | 23.4 | 13.1 | 100 | - | 0.77 | 0.08 | - | - | - | - | 0.77 | 1.00 |
6 | 5.60 | 5.30 | 44.2 | - | 4.70 | 0.90 | 5.70 | - | 33.6 | 100 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.47 | - | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.08 | - | 1.00 |
Sample | Rock Type | Ir | Ru | Rh | Pt | Pd | Cu (ppm) | ∑PGE | IPGE | PPGE | PPGE/IPGE | Pd/Ir | Cu/Pd (×103) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
09XDTC1-35 | Dunite | 5.02 | 11.0 | 3.34 | 50.4 | 42.2 | - | 112 | 16.0 | 95.9 | 5.98 | 8.40 | - |
09XDTC1-36 | Dunite | 0.80 | 4.23 | 2.02 | 14.6 | 12.0 | 3.37 | 33.6 | 5.03 | 28.6 | 5.68 | 15.00 | 0.28 |
09XDTC1-15 | Dunite | 1.28 | 5.00 | 0.71 | 1.49 | 0.39 | 246 | 8.87 | 6.28 | 2.59 | 0.41 | 0.31 | 627 |
09XDTC1-28 | Dunite | 1.54 | 3.27 | 0.75 | 2.05 | 1.09 | 4.73 | 8.69 | 4.81 | 3.88 | 0.81 | 0.70 | 4.35 |
09XDTC1-29 | Dunite | 2.61 | 7.87 | 0.63 | 2.09 | 0.71 | - | 13.9 | 10.5 | 3.44 | 0.33 | 0.27 | - |
09XDTC1-24 | Dunite | 1.76 | 5.55 | 0.78 | 1.27 | 0.16 | - | 9.52 | 7.31 | 2.21 | 0.30 | 0.09 | - |
09XDTC1-25 | Dunite | 1.12 | 4.82 | 0.79 | 2.09 | 2.80 | 7.32 | 11.6 | 5.95 | 5.68 | 0.96 | 2.49 | 2.61 |
09XDTC1-32 | Dunite | 1.38 | 5.38 | 0.79 | 0.92 | 1.31 | 8.35 | 9.78 | 6.76 | 3.02 | 0.45 | 0.95 | 6.38 |
09XDTC1-10 | Hornblende clinopyroxenite | 0.07 | 2.64 | 0.14 | 0.32 | 0.23 | 9.63 | 3.41 | 2.71 | 0.69 | 0.26 | 3.17 | 41.7 |
09XDTC1-21 | Hornblendite | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 1.63 | 0.34 | 8.91 | 2.08 | 0.06 | 2.02 | 32.3 | 26.5 | 26.2 |
09XDTC1-37 | Hornblendite | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.24 | 0.38 | 8.54 | 0.70 | 0.07 | 0.64 | 9.75 | 23.4 | 22.4 |
09XDTC1-44 | Hornblendite | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.20 | 0.12 | 7.31 | 0.38 | 0.04 | 0.33 | 7.50 | 11.9 | 59.1 |
09XDTC1-8 | Hornblende gabbro | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 15.0 | 0.54 | 0.05 | 0.49 | 9.36 | 19.0 | 61.5 |
09XDTC1-12 | Hornblende gabbro | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.23 | 0.10 | 88.8 | 0.41 | 0.07 | 0.34 | 4.94 | 6.61 | 890 |
09XDTC1-22 | Hornblende gabbro | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 1.07 | 0.47 | 67.2 | 1.63 | 0.06 | 1.57 | 26.4 | 41.9 | 143 |
XDE2 | Hornblende gabbro | 0.09 | 0.61 | 0.19 | 5.89 | 0.20 | 1.81 | 6.98 | 0.70 | 6.28 | 9.01 | 2.27 | 9.00 |
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Yang, S.-H.; Su, B.-X.; Huang, X.-W.; Tang, D.-M.; Qin, K.-Z.; Bai, Y.; Sakyi, P.A.; Alemayehu, M. Platinum-Group Mineral Occurrences and Platinum-Group Elemental Geochemistry of the Xiadong Alaskan-Type Complex in the Southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Minerals 2018, 8, 494. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8110494
Yang S-H, Su B-X, Huang X-W, Tang D-M, Qin K-Z, Bai Y, Sakyi PA, Alemayehu M. Platinum-Group Mineral Occurrences and Platinum-Group Elemental Geochemistry of the Xiadong Alaskan-Type Complex in the Southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Minerals. 2018; 8(11):494. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8110494
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Sai-Hong, Ben-Xun Su, Xiao-Wen Huang, Dong-Mei Tang, Ke-Zhang Qin, Yang Bai, Patrick Asamoah Sakyi, and Melesse Alemayehu. 2018. "Platinum-Group Mineral Occurrences and Platinum-Group Elemental Geochemistry of the Xiadong Alaskan-Type Complex in the Southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt" Minerals 8, no. 11: 494. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8110494