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Article

Petrogenesis and Geodynamic Evolution of A-Type Granite Bearing Rare Metals Mineralization in Egypt: Insights from Geochemistry and Mineral Chemistry

by
Mohamed M. Ghoneim
1,*,
Ahmed E. Abdel Gawad
1,*,
Hanaa A. El-Dokouny
2,
Maher Dawoud
2,
Elena G. Panova
3,
Mai A. El-Lithy
2 and
Abdelhalim S. Mahmoud
4
1
Nuclear Materials Authority, El-Maadi, Cairo P.O. Box 530, Egypt
2
Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Menofia University, Shebin El Koum 32511, Egypt
3
Department of Geochemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
4
Department of Geology, Fayoum University, Al-Fayoum 63514, Egypt
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Minerals 2024, 14(6), 583; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14060583
Submission received: 22 April 2024 / Revised: 22 May 2024 / Accepted: 29 May 2024 / Published: 31 May 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mineral Chemistry of Granitoids: Constraints on Crystallization Conditions and Petrological Evolution)
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Abstract

During the Late Precambrian, the North Eastern Desert of Egypt underwent significant crustal evolution in a tectonic environment characterized by strong extension. The Neoproterozoic alkali feldspar granite found in the Homret El Gergab area is a part of the Arabian Nubian Shield and hosts significant rare metal mineralization, including thorite, uranothorite, columbite, zircon, monazite, and xenotime, as well as pyrite, rutile, and ilmenite. The geochemical characteristics of the investigated granite reveal highly fractionated peraluminous, calc–alkaline affinity, A-type granite, and post-collision geochemical signatures, which are emplaced under an extensional regime of within-plate environments. It has elevated concentrations of Rb, Zr, Ba, Y, Nb, Th, and U. The zircon saturation temperature ranges from 753 °C to 766 °C. The formation of alkali feldspar rare metal granite was affected by extreme fractionation and fluid interactions at shallow crustal levels. The continental crust underwent extension, causing the mantle and crust to rise, stretch, and become thinner. This process allows basaltic magma from the mantle to be injected into the continental crust. Heat and volatiles were transferred from these basaltic bodies to the lower continental crust. This process enriched and partially melted the materials in the lower crust. The intrusion of basaltic magma from the mantle into the lower crust led to the formation of A-type granite.
Keywords: alkali feldspar granite; geochemistry; mineral chemistry; rare metals mineralization; Egypt alkali feldspar granite; geochemistry; mineral chemistry; rare metals mineralization; Egypt

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ghoneim, M.M.; Abdel Gawad, A.E.; El-Dokouny, H.A.; Dawoud, M.; Panova, E.G.; El-Lithy, M.A.; Mahmoud, A.S. Petrogenesis and Geodynamic Evolution of A-Type Granite Bearing Rare Metals Mineralization in Egypt: Insights from Geochemistry and Mineral Chemistry. Minerals 2024, 14, 583. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14060583

AMA Style

Ghoneim MM, Abdel Gawad AE, El-Dokouny HA, Dawoud M, Panova EG, El-Lithy MA, Mahmoud AS. Petrogenesis and Geodynamic Evolution of A-Type Granite Bearing Rare Metals Mineralization in Egypt: Insights from Geochemistry and Mineral Chemistry. Minerals. 2024; 14(6):583. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14060583

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ghoneim, Mohamed M., Ahmed E. Abdel Gawad, Hanaa A. El-Dokouny, Maher Dawoud, Elena G. Panova, Mai A. El-Lithy, and Abdelhalim S. Mahmoud. 2024. "Petrogenesis and Geodynamic Evolution of A-Type Granite Bearing Rare Metals Mineralization in Egypt: Insights from Geochemistry and Mineral Chemistry" Minerals 14, no. 6: 583. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14060583

APA Style

Ghoneim, M. M., Abdel Gawad, A. E., El-Dokouny, H. A., Dawoud, M., Panova, E. G., El-Lithy, M. A., & Mahmoud, A. S. (2024). Petrogenesis and Geodynamic Evolution of A-Type Granite Bearing Rare Metals Mineralization in Egypt: Insights from Geochemistry and Mineral Chemistry. Minerals, 14(6), 583. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14060583

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