Paleo-Tethyan Ocean Evolution and Indosinian Orogenesis in the East Kunlun Orogen, Northern Tibetan Plateau
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Regional Geology
2.1. North Kunlun Terrane
2.2. South Kunlun Terrane
2.3. Bayan Har Terrane
2.4. Buqingshan Accretionary Complex
3. Ocean Plate Stratigraphy in the Buqingshan AC
3.1. Mantle Peridotites
3.2. MORB-Type Oceanic Crust
3.3. OIB-Type Basalts and Seamounts
4. Magmatic and Sedimentary Records of Subduction of the Buqingshan Ocean
4.1. Continental Arc Magmatism
4.2. Forearc Basin
4.2.1. Sedimentary Successions
4.2.2. Detrital Zircon Age Constraints on Sediment Provenance
5. Magmatic and Sedimentary Records of Collisional Orogenesis
5.1. Collision-Related Magmatism
5.2. Orogenic Sedimentation
5.2.1. EKO Sedimentary Records
5.2.2. Bayan Har Terrane Sedimentary Records
6. Tectonic Evolution of the Late Paleozoic–Mesozoic Buqingshan Ocean
6.1. Spreading of Buqingshan Ocean
6.2. Subduction of Buqingshan Ocean
6.3. Syncollisional Stages of the BT with the Kunlun–Qaidam Terranes
6.4. Post-Collisional Stage
7. Conclusions
- (1)
- The Buqingshan AC contains blocks of Carboniferous OIBs and MORBs, gabbros, depleted and refractory peridotites, and paleo-seamounts in a strongly deformed matrix of deep marine turbidites. The Buqingshan AC records the northward subduction of the Buqingshan Ocean from Late Paleozoic to the Middle Triassic time.
- (2)
- Northward subduction of the Buqingshan Ocean beneath the Kunlun–Qaidam terrane led to the development of a vast continental magmatic arc (Burhan Budai arc) and the emplacement of seamounts into the Buqingshan AC around 270–240 Ma. During this interval, the Hongshuichuan forearc basin formed between the Burhan Budai arc and Buqingshan AC. Detrital zircon ages and paleocurrent data suggest most sedimentary detritus was supplied from the nearby Burhan Budai arc to the north with a minor contribution from an accretionary wedge to the south.
- (3)
- Closure of the Buqingshan Ocean due to the collision of the Qiangtang terrane with East Kunlun terranes occurred during the late Middle Triassic to early Late Triassic (ca. 240–230 Ma) times. This led to the development of a regional angular unconformity between Upper Triassic terrigenous strata and underlying marine sediments.
- (4)
- During the Late Triassic to Earliest Jurassic (ca. 230–200 Ma), the EKO evolved to a post-collisional stage that experienced magmatic flare-ups and metallic mineralization, which are interpreted to likely occur in geodynamic response to detachment of thickened lithosphere and subsequent upwelling of asthenosphere mantle.
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Li, R.; Pei, X.; Li, Z.; Pei, L.; Chen, G.; Liu, Z.; Chen, Y.; Liu, C.; Wang, M.; Zhang, M. Paleo-Tethyan Ocean Evolution and Indosinian Orogenesis in the East Kunlun Orogen, Northern Tibetan Plateau. Minerals 2022, 12, 1590. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121590
Li R, Pei X, Li Z, Pei L, Chen G, Liu Z, Chen Y, Liu C, Wang M, Zhang M. Paleo-Tethyan Ocean Evolution and Indosinian Orogenesis in the East Kunlun Orogen, Northern Tibetan Plateau. Minerals. 2022; 12(12):1590. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121590
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Ruibao, Xianzhi Pei, Zuochen Li, Lei Pei, Guochao Chen, Zhanqing Liu, Youxin Chen, Chengjun Liu, Meng Wang, and Min Zhang. 2022. "Paleo-Tethyan Ocean Evolution and Indosinian Orogenesis in the East Kunlun Orogen, Northern Tibetan Plateau" Minerals 12, no. 12: 1590. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121590
APA StyleLi, R., Pei, X., Li, Z., Pei, L., Chen, G., Liu, Z., Chen, Y., Liu, C., Wang, M., & Zhang, M. (2022). Paleo-Tethyan Ocean Evolution and Indosinian Orogenesis in the East Kunlun Orogen, Northern Tibetan Plateau. Minerals, 12(12), 1590. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121590