Improving the Behaviour of Green Concrete Geopolymers Using Different HEMP Preservation Conditions (Fresh and Wet)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. SEM
3.2. Porosimetry
3.3. Density
3.4. Mechanical Tests
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Metabolic Products | Freshly Harvested Hemp (0 Months) H (%) | Anaerobic Wet-preserved Hemp (6 Months) A (%) |
---|---|---|
Cellulose | 57.25 | 59.54 |
Hemicellulose | 13.25 | 11.40 |
Lignin | 9.84 | 8.51 |
Alcohols | 1.29 | 1.03 |
Lactic acid | 0.76 | 0.6 |
Total acids | 1.34 | 2.32 |
pH | 7.62 | 5.87 |
Samples | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | MnO | MgO | CaO | Na2O | K2O | TiO2 | P2O5 | SO3 | LOI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glass powder | 68.41 | 1.19 | 0.2 | 0.010 | 3.08 | 10.27 | 14.86 | 0.46 | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.30 | 0.98 |
Sodium silicate | 48.08 | 0.19 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 19.58 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 31.78 | ||
Sodium silicate + glass powder | 50.41 | 0.33 | 0.05 | 0.51 | 1.31 | 18.27 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 28.73 | |
Clay | 53.80 | 24.52 | 7.89 | 0.06 | 0.92 | 1.20 | 1.32 | 3.42 | 0.86 | 0.22 | 0.09 | 5.48 |
Sample | Freshly Harvested Hemp | Anaerobic Wet-preserved Hemp | Clay (≤1 mm) | Na2SiO3 | Glass Powder | NaOH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SH1 | 62.00 | -------- | 21.00 | 12.00 | 3.75 | 1.25 |
SA2 | -------- | 62.00 | 21.00 | 12.00 | 3.75 | 1.25 |
SH3 | 66.00 | -------- | 10.5 | 16.00 | 5.00 | 2.50 |
SA4 | -------- | 66.00 | 10.5 | 16.00 | 5.00 | 2.50 |
Samples | Density (kg/m3) | Flexural Strength (MPa) | Compressive Strength (Mpa) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
σ | σ | σ | ||||
SH1 | 1061.35 | 5.75 | 2.43 | 0.42 | 2.14 | 0.25 |
SA2 | 1112.56 | 10.20 | 3.50 | 0.24 | 2.57 | 0.24 |
SH3 | 905.57 | 20.85 | 2.20 | 0.22 | 1.93 | 0.02 |
SA4 | 912.36 | 32.12 | 3.74 | 0.60 | 2.67 | 0.12 |
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Sáez-Pérez, M.P.; Durán-Suárez, J.A.; Castro-Gomes, J. Improving the Behaviour of Green Concrete Geopolymers Using Different HEMP Preservation Conditions (Fresh and Wet). Minerals 2022, 12, 1530. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121530
Sáez-Pérez MP, Durán-Suárez JA, Castro-Gomes J. Improving the Behaviour of Green Concrete Geopolymers Using Different HEMP Preservation Conditions (Fresh and Wet). Minerals. 2022; 12(12):1530. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121530
Chicago/Turabian StyleSáez-Pérez, Mª Paz, Jorge Alberto Durán-Suárez, and Joao Castro-Gomes. 2022. "Improving the Behaviour of Green Concrete Geopolymers Using Different HEMP Preservation Conditions (Fresh and Wet)" Minerals 12, no. 12: 1530. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121530