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Volume 12
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10.3390/min12010007
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Article

Estimation of the Pb Content in a Tailings Dam Using a Linear Regression Model Based on the Chargeability and Resistivity Values of the Wastes (La Carolina Mining District, Spain)

by
Rosendo Mendoza
1,*,
Julián Martínez
1,
Maria Carmen Hidalgo
2 and
Maria José Campos-Suñol
2
1
Department of Mechanical and Mining Engineering-CEACTEMA, Scientific and Technological Campus, Linares Higher Polytechnic School, University of Jaén, 23700 Linares, Spain
2
Department of Geology-CEACTEMA, Scientific and Technological Campus, Linares Higher Polytechnic School, University of Jaén, 23700 Linares, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Minerals 2022, 12(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/min12010007
Submission received: 17 November 2021 / Revised: 10 December 2021 / Accepted: 14 December 2021 / Published: 21 December 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Electrical Resistivity and Electromagnetic Imaging Methods of Mineral Deposits and Mining Wastes)
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Abstract

The study area is located in the old mining district of Linares–La Carolina (southeastern Spain), the largest global producer of lead between 1875 and 1920. The selected environmental liability is the dam of the Federico mine and the waste that was generated during the flotation process. Geophysical techniques were applied along the slope of the dam, specifically ERT and IP. In total, 26 waste samples were taken along the entire slope of the dam, in which a high metal(oid) content was identified, sometimes much higher than the reference levels established by European and regional legislation for contaminated soils. The concentrations of Pb, As, and Ba stood out, with mean values of 4863 mg·kg−1, 89 mg·kg−1, and 794 mg·kg−1, respectively. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis could characterize the distribution of the contents of the different elements along the slope, defining the associations and dispersion patterns of the metal(oid)s in the interior structure of the mine wastes. With the results of the Pb content (the most abundant metal in mineral paragenesis), a mathematical model was obtained by linear regression that related the variability of this cation with the variation in electrical resistivity and chargeability obtained by geophysical techniques.
Keywords: electrical resistivity tomography (ERT); induced polarization (IP); mine waste characterization; metal(oid)s; univariate and multivariate statistics; linear regression electrical resistivity tomography (ERT); induced polarization (IP); mine waste characterization; metal(oid)s; univariate and multivariate statistics; linear regression

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mendoza, R.; Martínez, J.; Hidalgo, M.C.; Campos-Suñol, M.J. Estimation of the Pb Content in a Tailings Dam Using a Linear Regression Model Based on the Chargeability and Resistivity Values of the Wastes (La Carolina Mining District, Spain). Minerals 2022, 12, 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12010007

AMA Style

Mendoza R, Martínez J, Hidalgo MC, Campos-Suñol MJ. Estimation of the Pb Content in a Tailings Dam Using a Linear Regression Model Based on the Chargeability and Resistivity Values of the Wastes (La Carolina Mining District, Spain). Minerals. 2022; 12(1):7. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12010007

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mendoza, Rosendo, Julián Martínez, Maria Carmen Hidalgo, and Maria José Campos-Suñol. 2022. "Estimation of the Pb Content in a Tailings Dam Using a Linear Regression Model Based on the Chargeability and Resistivity Values of the Wastes (La Carolina Mining District, Spain)" Minerals 12, no. 1: 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12010007

APA Style

Mendoza, R., Martínez, J., Hidalgo, M. C., & Campos-Suñol, M. J. (2022). Estimation of the Pb Content in a Tailings Dam Using a Linear Regression Model Based on the Chargeability and Resistivity Values of the Wastes (La Carolina Mining District, Spain). Minerals, 12(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12010007

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