Genesis of the Yingzuihongshan Tungsten Deposit, Western Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, North China: Constraints from In Situ Trace Elements Analyses of Scheelite

In situ analyses of trace elements and rare-earth elements (REEs) were performed by use of laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) on scheelite samples from the Yingzuihongshan tungsten deposit in western Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. The contents of trace elements Nb, Ta and Mo of scheelite indicate that the ore-forming fluid is magmatic hydrotherm and is exsolved from highly fractionated granitic melt. The scheelite has high REE contents and ∑REE values, and a very inhomogeneous distribution of REEs exists in different scheelite grains or even in one scheelite grain. The cathodoluminescence (CL) images of scheelite grains display well-developed zoning or fine oscillatory zoning. Development of zoning is closely related to the variable contents of REEs, and the darkness of shade of CL images are mainly determined by ∑REE values, but they have no correlation with the distribution patterns of REEs. The chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns of scheelite are classified as the middle REEs (MREEs)-enriched type, except for a strong negative Eu-anomaly, which could be a REE-flat type and or a MREEs-depleted type. Trace element composition of scheelites from the Yinzuihongshan tungsten deposit reflect that the ore-forming materials mainly came from the crust and the ore-forming fluids are dominantly derived from the granitic magma in an oxidizing environment, in which very dynamic conditions of the hydrothermal system prevailed during precipitation of scheelite. On the basis of the above understanding and field geological featured, we considered that the Yingzuihongshan tungsten deposit is the quartz-vein-hosted tungsten type that is genetically associated with monzonitic granite.