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Volume 11
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10.3390/min11040377
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Article

Effect of Cerium-Containing Hydroxyapatite in Bone Repair in Female Rats with Osteoporosis Induced by Ovariectomy

by
Ewerton Vieira
1,2,
Marcos Silva
2,
Antonio Maia-Filho
3,
Daniel Ferreira
3,
José Figuerêdo-Silva
3,
Karla Rovaris
4,
Ana Cristina Fialho
4,
Ana Leite-Oliveira
5,
André L. Menezes de Oliveira
6,
Maria Gardênnia da Fonseca
6,
Josy A. Osajima
2 and
Edson C. da Silva-Filho
2,*
1
Instituto Federal do Maranhão, Buriticupu MA 65393-000, Brazil
2
Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina PI 64049-550, Brazil
3
Central Campus, State University of Piaui, Teresina PI 64000-040, Brazil
4
Department of Pathology and Dental Clinic, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina PI 64049-550, Brazil
5
CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
6
Núcleo de Pesquisa e Extensão LACOM, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa PB 58051-085, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Minerals 2021, 11(4), 377; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11040377
Submission received: 29 January 2021 / Revised: 26 March 2021 / Accepted: 30 March 2021 / Published: 2 April 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances of Hydroxyapatite and Its Applications)
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Abstract

Osteoporosis is a public health problem, with bone loss being the main consequence. Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been largely used as a bioceramic to stimulate bone growth. In our work, a cerium-containing HA (Ce-HA) has been proposed and its effects on the antimicrobial and bone-inducing properties were investigated. The synthesis of the materials occurred by the suspension–precipitation method (SPM). The XRD (X-ray Diffraction) confirmed the crystalline phase, and the Rietveld refinement confirmed the crystallization of HA and Ce-HA in a hexagonal crystal structure in agreement with ICSD n° 26205. Characterizations by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), XPS (X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy), and FESEM-EDS (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) confirmed the presence of cerium (Ce3+ and Ce4+). The antibacterial activity of Has was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus 25,923 and Escherichia coli 25,922 strains, which revealed that the material has antimicrobial properties and the cytotoxicity assay indicated that Ce-containing HA was classified as non-toxic. The effects of Ce-HA on bone repair, after application in bone defects in the tibia of female rats with osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy (OVX), were evaluated. After 15 and 30 days of implantation, the samples were analyzed by Raman, histology and X-ray microtomography. The results showed that the animals that had the induced bone defects filled with the Ce-HA materials had more expressive bone neoformation than the control group.
Keywords: hydroxyapatite; cerium; ovariectomy; osteoporosis; bone regeneration hydroxyapatite; cerium; ovariectomy; osteoporosis; bone regeneration

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MDPI and ACS Style

Vieira, E.; Silva, M.; Maia-Filho, A.; Ferreira, D.; Figuerêdo-Silva, J.; Rovaris, K.; Fialho, A.C.; Leite-Oliveira, A.; Menezes de Oliveira, A.L.; da Fonseca, M.G.; et al. Effect of Cerium-Containing Hydroxyapatite in Bone Repair in Female Rats with Osteoporosis Induced by Ovariectomy. Minerals 2021, 11, 377. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11040377

AMA Style

Vieira E, Silva M, Maia-Filho A, Ferreira D, Figuerêdo-Silva J, Rovaris K, Fialho AC, Leite-Oliveira A, Menezes de Oliveira AL, da Fonseca MG, et al. Effect of Cerium-Containing Hydroxyapatite in Bone Repair in Female Rats with Osteoporosis Induced by Ovariectomy. Minerals. 2021; 11(4):377. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11040377

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vieira, Ewerton, Marcos Silva, Antonio Maia-Filho, Daniel Ferreira, José Figuerêdo-Silva, Karla Rovaris, Ana Cristina Fialho, Ana Leite-Oliveira, André L. Menezes de Oliveira, Maria Gardênnia da Fonseca, and et al. 2021. "Effect of Cerium-Containing Hydroxyapatite in Bone Repair in Female Rats with Osteoporosis Induced by Ovariectomy" Minerals 11, no. 4: 377. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11040377

APA Style

Vieira, E., Silva, M., Maia-Filho, A., Ferreira, D., Figuerêdo-Silva, J., Rovaris, K., Fialho, A. C., Leite-Oliveira, A., Menezes de Oliveira, A. L., da Fonseca, M. G., Osajima, J. A., & da Silva-Filho, E. C. (2021). Effect of Cerium-Containing Hydroxyapatite in Bone Repair in Female Rats with Osteoporosis Induced by Ovariectomy. Minerals, 11(4), 377. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11040377

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