A Study on the Formation Environment of the La Cumbre Amber Deposit, from Santiago Province, the Northwestern Part of the Dominican Republic
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling
2.2. Analytical Methods
3. Geological Setting
4. Results
4.1. Macroscopic Characterization
4.2. Microscopic Observations Under Transmitted and Reflected Light
4.3. Quantitative Composition of the Coaly Shales
4.4. Facies Analysis
4.5. Dominican Amber Characteristics
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Index | Index Significance |
---|---|
Gelification index (GI) | macerals gelified to inert tissues |
Vegetation index (VI) | tissue macerals with resinite to detrital ones with sporite, alginite and cutinite |
Goundwater horizon location index (GWI) | gelified macerals and minerals to the huminite group macerals |
Preserved plant tissue index (TPI) | tissue macerals (from the group of huminite and inertinite) to detrital with gelinite |
Sample | Rro (%) | n | stdv (%) | A | Ast | K | Kst | Rteor (%) | Remp (%) | Z (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coal from La Cumbre deposit | 0.39 | 110 | 0.03 | 0.4486 | 0.748 | −0.265 | −0.463 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 6.1 |
Macerals (Code) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Average |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
textinite (T) | 5.6 | 7.3 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 6.0 | 5.9 |
ulminite (U) | 14.2 | 14.8 | 16.2 | 13.0 | 13.4 | 14.3 |
corpogelinite (CG) | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
densinite (D) | 8.4 | 8.6 | 9.5 | 7.1 | 8.2 | 8.4 |
∑ huminite (H) | 29.2 | 31.5 | 31.4 | 27.0 | 28.6 | 29.5 |
sporinite (Sp) | rare | rare | rare | rare | rare | rare |
alginite (Al) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | rare | 0.0 | rare |
resinite (R) | 3.5 | 4.0 | 3.1 | 3.7 | 3.0 | 3.5 |
fluorinite (Fl) | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 1.0 |
cutinite (K) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
fluorinite (Fl) | 1.7 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.7 |
liptodetrinite (Ld) | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 2.3 | 1.1 | 1.3 |
∑ liptinite (L) | 8.0 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 8.7 | 8.1 | 7.9 |
fusinite (F) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
semifusinite (Sf) | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
funginite+secretinite (Fu+S) | 3.5 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 4.1 | 4.4 | 3.4 |
macrinite (Ma) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
inertodetrinite (Id) | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.1 |
∑ inertinite (I) | 8.6 | 7.8 | 6.7 | 10.0 | 9.6 | 8.5 |
∑ organic matter (OM) | 45.8 | 46.6 | 45.5 | 45.7 | 46.3 | 46.0 |
quartz (Q) | 5.2 | 4.9 | 4.7 | 5.3 | 5.7 | 5.2 |
feldspars (Fs) | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 3.0 | 4.5 | 3.7 |
clay minerals (Clm) | 35.0 | 34.4 | 35.3 | 36.4 | 33.3 | 34.9 |
pyrite (P) | 8.7 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 8.5 | 8.7 | 8.8 |
others minerals (Om) | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
∑ minerals (MM) | 54.2 | 53.4 | 54.5 | 54.3 | 53.7 | 54.0 |
Raman Bands [cm−1] | Interpretation |
---|---|
1644 | νsym C=C non conjugated |
1440 | δ (CH2), δ (CH3) scissors |
1407 | δ (CH2), δ (CH3) |
1358 | δ (CH2), δ (CH3) |
1329 | δ (CH2), δ (CH3) |
1308 | δ (CH2), δ (CH3) twisting |
1284 | δ (CH2), δ (CH3) |
1201 | δ (CCH), δ(C-O) |
1135 | ν(CC) ring breathing |
1104 | ν(C-C) |
1006 | ν(CC) aromatic |
978 | ρ(CH2), ρ (CH3) |
945 | ρ(CH2), ρ (CH3) |
883 | ρ(CH2), ν(COC) |
823 | ρ(CH2) |
744 | ν(CC) isolated |
721 | ν(CC) isolated |
695 | ν(CC) isolated |
639 | ν(C-S), TiO2 (anatase) |
555 | δ (CCO) |
525 | δ (COC) in plane deformation, sulfur compounds |
440 | sulfur compounds, TiO2 |
373 | sulfur compounds, TiO2 |
317 | sulfur compounds |
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Stach, P.; Natkaniec-Nowak, L.; Wagner, M.; Dumańska-Słowik, M.; Mroczkowska-Szerszeń, M.; Wesełucha-Birczyńska, A.; Drzewicz, P.; George, C.; Garcia, E. A Study on the Formation Environment of the La Cumbre Amber Deposit, from Santiago Province, the Northwestern Part of the Dominican Republic. Minerals 2020, 10, 736. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10090736
Stach P, Natkaniec-Nowak L, Wagner M, Dumańska-Słowik M, Mroczkowska-Szerszeń M, Wesełucha-Birczyńska A, Drzewicz P, George C, Garcia E. A Study on the Formation Environment of the La Cumbre Amber Deposit, from Santiago Province, the Northwestern Part of the Dominican Republic. Minerals. 2020; 10(9):736. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10090736
Chicago/Turabian StyleStach, Paweł, Lucyna Natkaniec-Nowak, Marian Wagner, Magdalena Dumańska-Słowik, Maja Mroczkowska-Szerszeń, Aleksandra Wesełucha-Birczyńska, Przemysław Drzewicz, Carlos George, and Edwin Garcia. 2020. "A Study on the Formation Environment of the La Cumbre Amber Deposit, from Santiago Province, the Northwestern Part of the Dominican Republic" Minerals 10, no. 9: 736. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10090736