Assessing the Combined Effect of Water Temperature and Complex Water Matrices on Xanthate Adsorption Using Multiple Linear Regression
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.1.1. Mineral Sample Preparation
2.1.2. Plant Water
2.2. Adsorption Experimental Procedure
2.3. Experimental Design
3. Results
3.1. Effect of Temperature on Xanthate Solution Degradation
3.2. Xanthate Adsorption on Chalcopyrite
3.2.1. Xanthate Adsorption on Chalcopyrite—Model Development and Model Analysis
3.2.2. Eh Monitoring during SIBX Adsorption onto Chalcopyrite
3.2.3. Xanthate Adsorption on Chalcopyrite—Discussion of Experimental Observations
3.3. Xanthate Adsorption on Enriched Pentlandite
3.3.1. Xanthate Adsorption on Enriched Pentlandite—Model Development and Model Analysis
3.3.2. Eh Monitoring during Collector Adsorption on Enriched Pentlandite
3.3.3. Xanthate Adsorption on Enriched Pentlandite—Discussion of Experimental Observations
3.4. Effect of the Water Matrix on Electrolyte Speciation
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Mineral Phases | Purity (%) |
---|---|---|
Chalcopyrite | Chalcopyrite | 80 |
Quartz | 13 | |
Sphalerite | 3 | |
Other non-sulphide minerals | 4 | |
Enriched Pentlandite | Pentlandite | 25 |
Pyrrhotite | 11 | |
Talc | 16 | |
Amphiboles | 11 | |
Other non-sulphide minerals | 37 |
Experiment | Actual Level of Variables | Response | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Run Order | T(°C) | Ca2+ (mg/L) | Mg2+ (mg/L) | S2O32− (mg/L) | Na+ (mg/L) | Extent of Adsorption: Chalcopyrite (%) | Extent of Adsorption: Pentlandite (%) |
1 | 5 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 1000 | 80.4 | 87.5 |
2 | 65 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 90.7 | 38 |
3 | 5 | 1000 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 80.9 | 93 |
4 | 65 | 1000 | 200 | 200 | 1000 | 93.3 | 85.4 |
5 | 5 | 200 | 1000 | 200 | 200 | 84.4 | 92 |
6 | 65 | 200 | 1000 | 200 | 1000 | 88.0 | 80.7 |
7 | 5 | 1000 | 1000 | 200 | 1000 | 86.7 | 96.2 |
8 | 65 | 1000 | 1000 | 200 | 200 | 95.6 | 69.9 |
9 | 5 | 200 | 200 | 1000 | 200 | 82.2 | 67.2 |
10 | 65 | 200 | 200 | 1000 | 1000 | 83.6 | 61.8 |
11 | 5 | 1000 | 200 | 1000 | 1000 | 92.9 | 87.2 |
12 | 65 | 1000 | 200 | 1000 | 200 | 91.1 | 92.3 |
13 | 5 | 200 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 84.4 | 90.4 |
14 | 65 | 200 | 1000 | 1000 | 200 | 92.4 | 29.7 |
15 | 5 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 200 | 91.1 | 40.5 |
16 | 65 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 92.0 | 78 |
17 | 35 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 88.0 | 81.3 |
18 | 35 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 89.3 | 80.9 |
19 | 35 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 87.6 | 80.1 |
Factor | Confounding Pattern |
---|---|
T | Ca2+ × Mg2+ × S2O32− × Na+ |
Ca2+ | T × Mg2+ × S2O32− × Na+ |
Mg2+ | T × Ca2+× S2O32− × Na+ |
Na+ | T × Ca2+ × Mg2+ × S2O32− |
S2O32− | T × Ca2+ × Mg2+ × Na+ |
T × Ca2+ | Mg2+ × S2O32− × Na+ |
T × Mg2+ | Ca2+ × S2O32− × Na+ |
T × S2O32− | Ca2+ × Mg2+ × Na+ |
T × Na+ | Ca2+ × Mg2+ × S2O32− |
Ca2+ × Mg2+ | T × Na+ × S2O32− |
Ca2+ × S2O32− | T × Na+ × Mg2+ |
Ca2+ × Na+ | T × S2O32− × Mg2+ |
Mg2+ × S2O32− | T × Na+ × Ca2+ |
Mg2+ × Na+ | T × S2O32− × Ca2+ |
S2O32− × Na+ | T × Mg2+ × Ca2+ |
Term | Coefficients | P Values |
---|---|---|
Constant | 88.14 | 1.39 × 10−19 |
T | 2.73 | 2.88 × 10−7 |
Ca2+ | 2.34 | 9.41 × 10−7 |
Mg2+ | 1.22 | 1.19 × 10−4 |
S2O32− | −0.44 | 0.0086 |
Na+ | 0.61 | 0.035 |
T × S2O32− | −1.67 | 1.23 × 10−5 |
T × Na+ | −1.17 | 1.59 × 10−4 |
Ca2+ × S2O32− | 0.72 | 0.0033 |
Ca2+ × Na+ | 1.22 | 1.19 × 10−4 |
Mg2+ × Na+ | −1.11 | 2.31 × 10−4 |
R2pred = 0.934 | R2 = 0.989 | R2Adj = 0.978 |
ANOVA TABLE: Chalcopyrite Adsorption Tests | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | DF | Sum of Squares (SS) | Mean Square (Variance) | F Value | P Value |
Total Corrected | 18 | 362 | 20.1 | ||
Regression | 10 | 358 | 35.8 | 72.0 | 0 |
Residual | 8 | 3.94 | 0.49 | ||
Lack of Fit | 6 | 2.36 | 0.39 | 0.5 | 0.785 |
Pure Error | 2 | 1.58 | 0.79 |
Term | Coefficients | P Value |
---|---|---|
Constant | 75.37 | 1.77 × 10−11 |
T | −7.39 | 0.0055 |
Ca2+ | 5.95 | 0.017 |
Mg2+ | −2.19 | 0.31 |
S2O32− | −5.98 | 0.017 |
Na+ | 9.04 | 0.0016 |
T × S2O32− | 4.45 | 0.017 |
T × Ca2+ | 8.48 | 0.0025 |
Ca2+ × Mg2+ | −6.98 | 0.0076 |
Mg2+ × S2O32− | −6.55 | 0.011 |
Mg2+ × Na+ | 5.11 | 0.033 |
R2pred = 0.72 | R2 = 0.96 | R2Adj = 0.91 |
ANOVA TABLE: Chalcopyrite Adsorption Tests | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameters | DF | Sum of Squares (SS) | Mean Square (Variance) | F Value | P Value |
Total Corrected | 18 | 7024 | 390 | ||
Regression | 10 | 6743 | 674 | 19.22 | 0.001 |
Residual | 8 | 280 | 35 | ||
Lack of Fit | 6 | 279 | 46 | 124.92 | 0.008 |
Pure Error | 2 | 0.75 | 0.37 |
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Mhonde, N.; Schreithofer, N.; Corin, K.; Mäkelä, M. Assessing the Combined Effect of Water Temperature and Complex Water Matrices on Xanthate Adsorption Using Multiple Linear Regression. Minerals 2020, 10, 733. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10090733
Mhonde N, Schreithofer N, Corin K, Mäkelä M. Assessing the Combined Effect of Water Temperature and Complex Water Matrices on Xanthate Adsorption Using Multiple Linear Regression. Minerals. 2020; 10(9):733. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10090733
Chicago/Turabian StyleMhonde, Ngoni, Nora Schreithofer, Kirsten Corin, and Mikko Mäkelä. 2020. "Assessing the Combined Effect of Water Temperature and Complex Water Matrices on Xanthate Adsorption Using Multiple Linear Regression" Minerals 10, no. 9: 733. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10090733