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Article

Methodological Baseline for Probing Macroscopic Gravitational Symmetry Breaking via Radial Stress

Unspace, LLC, Houston, TX 37037, USA
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Symmetry 2026, 18(9), 1457; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18091457 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 27 June 2026 / Revised: 13 August 2026 / Accepted: 15 August 2026 / Published: 30 August 2026
(This article belongs to the Section C: Physics)

Abstract

This study investigates the under-explored contribution of internal radial stress to macroscopic gravitational potentials. We utilize a novel, precision-damped torsion balance apparatus designed to isolate and measure gravitational perturbations induced by radial stress within rapidly rotating macroscopic masses, rigorously controlling for acoustic, thermal, and electromagnetic variables. Our findings document an anisotropic mechanical influence along the plane of rotation that exceeds standard weak-field gravitational predictions. The measured apparatus potential exhibits a kinematic scaling (∝ω4) consistent with a linear torsion spring responding to an underlying quadratic (ω2) driving force. While active Herzan leveling, counter-rotating geometry, and precision balancing successfully eliminated bulk frame-drag and mechanical vibration, this atmospheric baseline study concedes that the persistent ω2 force may still be masked by complex, non-linear fluid dynamic asymmetries. Consequently, this paper establishes a ‘Stage 1’ methodological baseline, mapping the absolute limits of atmospheric testing and defining the engineering prerequisites for future high-vacuum gravitational extractions. Isolating this residual force in a future high-vacuum environment is imperative. Should such testing confirm the signal is gravitationally sourced, this anisotropy suggests a potential coupling between the internal stress-energy tensor and the local spacetime metric that is not fully accounted for in standard linear approximations. If this phenomenological stress-metric coupling can be isolated and shown to scale macroscopically, it could theoretically provide a non-linear mechanism for observed rotational gravitational symmetry breaking. The speculative astrophysical implications of such a coupling are also discussed.
Keywords: experimental gravitation; torsion balance; radial stress; gravitational potential; stress-energy tensor; anisotropic gravity experimental gravitation; torsion balance; radial stress; gravitational potential; stress-energy tensor; anisotropic gravity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lentz, P.; Peters, B.; Laske, E.; Stephens, K.; Crombe, J.; Esquivel, B. Methodological Baseline for Probing Macroscopic Gravitational Symmetry Breaking via Radial Stress. Symmetry 2026, 18, 1457. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18091457

AMA Style

Lentz P, Peters B, Laske E, Stephens K, Crombe J, Esquivel B. Methodological Baseline for Probing Macroscopic Gravitational Symmetry Breaking via Radial Stress. Symmetry. 2026; 18(9):1457. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18091457

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lentz, Phillip, Ben Peters, Evan Laske, Kevin Stephens, Jon Crombe, and Bianca Esquivel. 2026. "Methodological Baseline for Probing Macroscopic Gravitational Symmetry Breaking via Radial Stress" Symmetry 18, no. 9: 1457. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18091457

APA Style

Lentz, P., Peters, B., Laske, E., Stephens, K., Crombe, J., & Esquivel, B. (2026). Methodological Baseline for Probing Macroscopic Gravitational Symmetry Breaking via Radial Stress. Symmetry, 18(9), 1457. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18091457

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