Robust and Exponential Stabilization of a Cart–Pendulum System via Geometric PID Control
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- The controlled dynamics of a cart–pole system is presented in a form of Euler–Lagrangian equations and the residual terms are viewed as state-dependent and velocity-dependent biases whose effects are not necessarily required to be compensated by feed-forward control.
- The process of controller design is simplified as defining a geometric PID control algorithm for an inverted pendulum. The proposed control law allows for robust stabilization of angles to an arbitrary value, as integral action is incorporated to suppress the effects caused by residual terms. The advantage of derivative control in accelerating convergence speed and the strength of integral action in compensating unknown biases are confirmed.
- A Lyapunov function is deduced by applying two stages of coordinate change. Conditions for the tuning of controller parameters are justified by guaranteeing exponential decrease in the established Lyapunov function. The attraction region is enlarged almost to a half circle.
2. System Modeling
3. Design of Geometric PID Controller
4. Convergence Analysis
4.1. First-Stage Variable Change
4.2. Second-Stage Variable Change
4.3. Local Exponential Stability
5. Results and Discussion
5.1. Results of Simulation
5.2. Discussion of Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Notation | Meaning | Unit | Value |
---|---|---|---|
M | mass of cart | kg | 1 |
m | mass of ball | kg | 0.1 |
l | length of rob | m | 1 |
g | gravity of the earth | m/s2 | 9.8 |
weight of | – | 80 | |
weight of | – | 40 | |
weight of | – | 4 | |
– | 2 | ||
– | 0.1 | ||
weight of in V | – | 10 |
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Zhang, Z.; Fang, M.; Fei, M.; Li, J. Robust and Exponential Stabilization of a Cart–Pendulum System via Geometric PID Control. Symmetry 2024, 16, 94. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16010094
Zhang Z, Fang M, Fei M, Li J. Robust and Exponential Stabilization of a Cart–Pendulum System via Geometric PID Control. Symmetry. 2024; 16(1):94. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16010094
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Zhifei, Miaoxu Fang, Minrui Fei, and Jinrong Li. 2024. "Robust and Exponential Stabilization of a Cart–Pendulum System via Geometric PID Control" Symmetry 16, no. 1: 94. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16010094
APA StyleZhang, Z., Fang, M., Fei, M., & Li, J. (2024). Robust and Exponential Stabilization of a Cart–Pendulum System via Geometric PID Control. Symmetry, 16(1), 94. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16010094