Brain Symmetry Analysis during the Use of a BCI Based on Motor Imagery for the Control of a Lower-Limb Exoskeleton

Ferrero, Laura; Ortiz, Mario; Quiles, Vicente; Iáñez, Eduardo; Flores, José A.; Azorín, José M.

doi:10.3390/sym13091746

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Brain Symmetry Analysis during the Use of a BCI Based on Motor Imagery for the Control of a Lower-Limb Exoskeleton

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Brain-Machine Interface System Lab, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain

Department of Engineering, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Academic Editor: Fabrizio Vecchio

Symmetry 2021, 13(9), 1746; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13091746

Received: 30 July 2021 / Revised: 10 September 2021 / Accepted: 13 September 2021 / Published: 19 September 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neuroscience, Neurophysiology and Asymmetry)

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Abstract

Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCI) are systems that allow external devices to be controlled by means of brain activity. There are different such technologies, and electroencephalography (EEG) is an example. One of the most common EEG control methods is based on detecting changes in sensorimotor rhythms (SMRs) during motor imagery (MI). The aim of this study was to assess the laterality of cortical function when performing MI of the lower limb. Brain signals from five subjects were analyzed in two conditions, during exoskeleton-assisted gait and while static. Three different EEG electrode configurations were evaluated: covering both hemispheres, covering the non-dominant hemisphere and covering the dominant hemisphere. In addition, the evolution of performance and laterality with practice was assessed. Although sightly superior results were achieved with information from all electrodes, differences between electrode configurations were not statistically significant. Regarding the evolution during the experimental sessions, the performance of the BCI generally evolved positively the higher the experience was. View Full-Text

Keywords: brain symmetry; Brain–Computer Interfaces; electroencephalography; exoskeleton; motor imagery; laterality; hemisphere specialization

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Ferrero, L.; Ortiz, M.; Quiles, V.; Iáñez, E.; Flores, J.A.; Azorín, J.M. Brain Symmetry Analysis during the Use of a BCI Based on Motor Imagery for the Control of a Lower-Limb Exoskeleton. Symmetry 2021, 13, 1746. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13091746

AMA Style

Ferrero L, Ortiz M, Quiles V, Iáñez E, Flores JA, Azorín JM. Brain Symmetry Analysis during the Use of a BCI Based on Motor Imagery for the Control of a Lower-Limb Exoskeleton. Symmetry. 2021; 13(9):1746. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13091746

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ferrero, Laura, Mario Ortiz, Vicente Quiles, Eduardo Iáñez, José A. Flores, and José M. Azorín. 2021. "Brain Symmetry Analysis during the Use of a BCI Based on Motor Imagery for the Control of a Lower-Limb Exoskeleton" Symmetry 13, no. 9: 1746. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13091746

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Brain Symmetry Analysis during the Use of a BCI Based on Motor Imagery for the Control of a Lower-Limb Exoskeleton

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