A New Energy Efficient Multitier Deterministic Energy-Efficient Clustering Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Classification of Routing Protocols
2.1. Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) Protocol
2.2. Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems (PEGASIS)
2.2.1. Formation of the Chain among the Sensor Nodes
2.2.2. Data Gathering
2.3. Deterministic Energy-Efficient Clustering (DEC) Protocol
2.3.1. DEC Network Model and Energy Dissipation
2.3.2. Energy Heterogeneity
3. Proposed Multi-Tier Protocol
- Election of Cluster Heads is locally decided as per the residual energy of all the cluster members.
- Each round is independent in itself.
- The protocol gives an assurance to utilize all the available nodes.
- MDEC ensures a fixed number of desired cluster-heads.
- MDEC minimizes the overhead computing costs associated with the CH quest.
- It maintains stability and avoids failure during packet transmission, due to the regular check of REs.
4. Simulation and Analysis
4.1. Simulation Setup
4.2. Proposed Algorithm for NR-MDEC Protocol
- Step-1: Creation of Virtual Environment for WSN Network.
- Step-2: Getting values of various parameters from the field.
- Step-3: Divide all nodes in 4-Categories—Normal, Advanced, Intermediate, Advanced-Intermediate.
- Step-4: Sorting of nodes as per their Residual Energies.
- Step-5: Selection of 10% nodes having the highest energy as Cluster Heads.
- Step-6: Apply energy minimization on nodes and also calculate their REs.
- Step-7: If CH-RE is greater, keep CH and repeat energy minimization algorithm else go to Step-4.
- Step-8: Stop after delivering all the packets or exhaustion of nodes energy.
5. Results and Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
DEC | Deterministic Energy-efficient Clustering |
LEACH | Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy |
PEGASIS | Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems |
SEP | Stable Election Protocol |
CH | Cluster Head |
CSMA | Carrier-sense multiple access |
MAC | Media Access Control |
ADV | Advertisement |
NR-MDEC | Non-Residua Modified-DEC |
FND | First Node Dead |
LND | Last Node Dead |
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Parameter | Description | Value |
---|---|---|
% of advanced nodes | 0.2 | |
% of intermediate nodes | 0.2 | |
% of advanced-intermediate nodes | 0.1 | |
Initial energy | 0.5 J | |
Optimal Election Probability of a node | 0.1 | |
% increment in the energy of the advance nodes concerning normal nodes | 3 | |
% increment in the energy of the intermediate nodes concerning normal nodes | 1 | |
% increment in the energy of the advance–intermediate nodes concerning normal nodes | 1.5 |
Parameter | Symbolic Significance | Value |
---|---|---|
Sink Node Coordinates | ||
No. of Nodes | Nodes or n | 500 |
Initial Energy | 0.5 J | |
Transmission Power | J | |
Received Energy | J | |
Data Aggregation Energy | J | |
Max. Rounds | rmax | 3000 |
Packet Size | Packet | 4000 bits |
Description | Symbol | Value |
---|---|---|
Energy used by the amplifier for short-range transmission | 10 pJ/bit/m | |
Energy consumed for long-distance transmission by the amplifier | 0.0013 pJ/bit/m | |
The energy required to send or receive the signal in the electronics loop | 50 nJ/bit | |
Energy used for the formation of beams | 5 nJ/bit |
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Koyuncu, H.; Tomar, G.S.; Sharma, D. A New Energy Efficient Multitier Deterministic Energy-Efficient Clustering Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks. Symmetry 2020, 12, 837. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12050837
Koyuncu H, Tomar GS, Sharma D. A New Energy Efficient Multitier Deterministic Energy-Efficient Clustering Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks. Symmetry. 2020; 12(5):837. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12050837
Chicago/Turabian StyleKoyuncu, Hakan, Geetam S. Tomar, and Dinesh Sharma. 2020. "A New Energy Efficient Multitier Deterministic Energy-Efficient Clustering Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks" Symmetry 12, no. 5: 837. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12050837