Secure Speech Content Based on Scrambling and Adaptive Hiding
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- The proposed system combines scrambling and steganography.
- The scrambling block allows a voice signal to imitate a super-Gaussian noise. The output signal (scrambled) is highly similar to the super-Gaussian noise. The key that permits descrambling the signal is a system out.
- The hiding of the scrambled signal within the host signal is done through an adaptive substitution technique, which allows control of the amount of signal distortion through the parameter bits to hold ().
- The final output signal (stego) is highly similar to the host signal and does not generate suspicion of the existence of a secret message within it. Without knowledge of the seed used to generate the super-Gaussian signal, as well as the value of BIH, a non-authorised user can not reveal the secret content.
2. Imitation Property of Speech Signals
3. Proposed Scheme
3.1. Hiding Module
3.1.1. Scrambling
3.1.2. Binary Representation (Dec to Bin)
3.1.3. Adaptive LSB
- Reading the number of bits to hold ().
- Representing the samples of the host signal in 16-bit format. The resulting signal is called i.
- Determining the minimum quantity of necessary bits to represent the sample of the host signal. This value is assigned to the MSB (most significant bit) variable.
- Converting to zero the less significant () bits from H (Equation (4)). The resulting signal will be called .
- Reading the chain of binary values derived from the Binary Representation block. Selecting a quantity of bits equal to ().
- Converting the previous binary value to decimal and adding the result to . The result is called S.
- Repeating the previous steps until hiding all the bits of the binary chain in the host signal.
3.1.4. Decimal-Binary Conversion
3.2. Recovery Module
3.2.1. Adaptive LSB Extraction
- Reading the stego signal and the value.
- Representing the samples of the stego signal in a 16-bit format. The resulting signal will be referred to as S.
- Extracting the least significant bits from every sample (Equation (5)).Equation (5) is applied on all the samples of the stego signal, creating a bit sequence.
3.2.2. Bit to Sample Conversion
- Calculating the value of by using Equation (6).
- Taking the first from the binary sequence obtained in the “adaptive LSB extraction” block.
- Dividing the previous result in groups of non-overlapped .
- Converting each group of Nbits into decimal values (thus obtaining a sample).
- Normalisation is applied to each sample, in order for the dynamic range to be the same as the one from the secret message (e.g., [−1 1] V).
3.2.3. Descrambling
4. Method Implementation and Validation
4.1. Testing Protocol
- Ten 2-s host signals
- Ten 1-s secret messages
- A sampling frequency of 8 kHz for all signals
- is an integer within the range [1 6]
- Each secret message was hidden in each host signal, with different values. The total number of tests was 600 (number of host signals × number of secret messages × amount of values)
- The secret messages, host signals, stego signals, and recovered signals with correct and incorrect key are published in [18], “Speech steganography based on scrambling and hiding (Spanish audios)”, Mendeley Data, v1.
4.2. Preliminary Results
4.3. Imperceptibility
4.4. Quality of the Recovered Message
4.5. Comparison with State-of-the-Art Methods
5. Security Analysis
5.1. Exhaustive Key Search
5.2. Ciphertext Only Attack
5.3. Statistical Attack and Perfect Secrecy
6. Conclusions and Future Work
- Measuring the resistance of the stego signal against signal manipulation attacks like MP3 (Moving Picture Experts Group Layer-3 Audio) compression, additive noise and filtering.
- Propose alternative ways to obtain the super-Gaussian signal to be imitated by the secret message.
- Explore alternative ways of dynamic LSB substitution.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
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Reference | [20] | [21] | [22] | [23] | Ours |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Method | Hermite Transform (HT) and Threshold | RSA + 2-bit LSB | LSB Multi-Threshold Based Criterion | Variable Low Bit Coding (Up To 3-Bit LSB) | Adaptive Scrambling + Adaptive LSB |
0.988 | NR | NR | NR | 0.992 | |
32.7 dB | 34.27 dB | NR | 47 dB | 23.61 dB | |
0.961 | NR | NR | NR | 0.974 | |
NR | 18% | NR | 24% | NR | |
<0.125 | <0.13 | >0.5 | |||
Key space | NR | NR | 280 | NR |
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Ballesteros, D.M.; Renza, D. Secure Speech Content Based on Scrambling and Adaptive Hiding. Symmetry 2018, 10, 694. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10120694
Ballesteros DM, Renza D. Secure Speech Content Based on Scrambling and Adaptive Hiding. Symmetry. 2018; 10(12):694. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10120694
Chicago/Turabian StyleBallesteros, Dora M., and Diego Renza. 2018. "Secure Speech Content Based on Scrambling and Adaptive Hiding" Symmetry 10, no. 12: 694. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10120694