Highlighting the Sustainability Implications of Urbanisation: A Comparative Analysis of Two Urban Areas in Ghana
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Urbanisation and SD (Sustainability) in the Context of Land Cover Change (LCC)
2.2. Urbanisation in Ghana
3. Review on Key Concepts or Processes that Potentially Mediate the Sustainability Outcomes of Urbanisation in the Ghanaian Context
3.1. Land Tenure
3.2. Globalisation and Neoliberalism
“the political precept of neoliberalism is that, while all essential collective decisions need to include the constitutional State, State intervention in the social and economic life should generally be minimal. Rather, the role of the State should be primarily to guarantee and ensure freedom of individual economic agents”.
3.3. Poverty, Employment, and Informality
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Description of Case Study Sites
4.1.1. Kumasi
4.1.2. Obuasi
4.2. Landscape Urbanisation Analysis
4.2.1. Data Acquisition and Image Pre-Processing
4.2.2. Image Classification and Accuracy Assessment
4.2.3. Change Analysis
4.3. Secondary Data Analysis
5. Results
5.1. LCC Characterisation
5.2. Urban Expansion in Kumasi and Obuasi
5.3. Demographic Change in Kumasi and Obuasi
5.4. Population Density in Kumasi and Obuasi
6. Discussion
6.1. Patterns of Urbanisation in Kumasi and Obuasi
6.2. Factors Shaping the Dynamics of Urbanisation in Kumasi and Obuasi
6.3. Sustainability Implications of Urbanisation in Kumasi and Obuasi
6.3.1. Economic Dimension
6.3.2. Social Dimension
6.3.3. Environmental Dimension
7. Recommendation and Limitations
8. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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LCC Classes | Area Coverage (km2) | Changes in Area (%) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1986 | 2000 | 2010 | 2018 | 1986–2000 | 2000–2010 | 2010–2018 | 1986–2018 | |
Built-Up | 43.23 | 232.92 | 390.23 | 509.20 | 438.79 | 67.53 | 30.50 | 1105.77 |
Agriculture Land | 64.75 | 400.71 | 373.96 | 118.55 | 518.85 | −6.68 | −68.30 | 83.00 |
Mixed Woody Vegetation | 628.76 | 176.34 | 46.57 | 113.35 | −71.95 | −73.59 | 143.39 | −81.97 |
Water | 0.50 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.67 | 92.00 | 0.00 | −30.20 | 34.00 |
Forest | 78.11 | 4.42 | 3.63 | 73.58 | −94.34 | −17.87 | 1924.51 | −5.91 |
Total | 815.35 | 815.35 | 815.35 | 815.35 |
LULC Classes | Area Coverage (km2) | Changes in Area (%) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1986 | 2000 | 2010 | 2018 | 1986–2000 | 2000–2010 | 2010–2018 | 1986–2018 | |
Built-Up | 23.60 | 36.62 | 46.50 | 57.68 | 55.16 | 27 | 24 | 144.40 |
Agriculture Land | 126.64 | 80.13 | 110.03 | 126.83 | −36.72 | 37.31 | 15.27 | 0.15 |
Mixed Woody Vegetation | 161.56 | 189.41 | 76.06 | 117.52 | 17.31 | −59.84 | 54.51 | −27.26 |
Forest | 58.16 | 70.08 | 119.04 | 71.55 | 20.49 | 69.86 | −39.89 | 23.02 |
Water | - | 0.07 | 1.20 | 0.07 | - | 1614 | 94.17 | - |
Bare ground | - | - | 11.15 | - | - | - | - | - |
Mining | 10.55 | 4.20 | 16.53 | 6.86 | −60.19 | 293.57 | −58.5 | −34.98 |
Total | 380.51 | 380.51 | 380.51 | 380.51 |
Location | Population | Average Annual Change in Population (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1984 | 2000 | 2010 | 2019 | 1984–2000 | 2000–2010 | 2010–2019 | |
Kumasi | 496,628 | 1,170,270 | 1,730,249 | 2,105,382 | 14.81 | 4.79 | 2.41 |
Obuasi | 60,617 | 115,564 | 143,644 | 203,554 | 11.94 | 2.43 | 4.63 |
Kumasi | Obuasi | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | Built-Up Area | Population | Pop. Density (Mean) | Built-Up Area | Population | Pop. Density (Mean) |
1984/1986 | 43.22 | 496,628 | 11,491 | 23.60 | 60,617 | 2569 |
2000 | 232.92 | 1,170,270 | 5024 | 36.60 | 115,564 | 3156 |
2010 | 390.23 | 1,730,249 | 4434 | 46.50 | 143,644 | 3089 |
2018/2019 | 509.20 | 2,105,382 | 4135 | 57.68 | 203,554 | 3529 |
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Anarfi, K.; Hill, R.A.; Shiel, C. Highlighting the Sustainability Implications of Urbanisation: A Comparative Analysis of Two Urban Areas in Ghana. Land 2020, 9, 300. https://doi.org/10.3390/land9090300
Anarfi K, Hill RA, Shiel C. Highlighting the Sustainability Implications of Urbanisation: A Comparative Analysis of Two Urban Areas in Ghana. Land. 2020; 9(9):300. https://doi.org/10.3390/land9090300
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnarfi, Kwasi, Ross A. Hill, and Chris Shiel. 2020. "Highlighting the Sustainability Implications of Urbanisation: A Comparative Analysis of Two Urban Areas in Ghana" Land 9, no. 9: 300. https://doi.org/10.3390/land9090300
APA StyleAnarfi, K., Hill, R. A., & Shiel, C. (2020). Highlighting the Sustainability Implications of Urbanisation: A Comparative Analysis of Two Urban Areas in Ghana. Land, 9(9), 300. https://doi.org/10.3390/land9090300