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Volume 15
Issue 6
10.3390/land15060909
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Article

Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Organic Matter and Its Driving Mechanisms in the Dayangshu Area of the Songnen Plain

by
Yongliang Wang
1,2,3,
Surigala Tai
1,3,*,
Yongchun Li
1,3,
Rong She
1,2,3 and
Wenpeng Shi
1,3
1
Hohhot General Survey of Natural Resources Center, China Geological Survey, Hohhot 010010, China
2
Northeast Geological S&T Innovation Center of China Geological Survey, Shenyang 110000, China
3
Innovation Base for Water Resource Exploration and Eco-Environmental Effects in the Daheihe Basin of the Yellow River, Hohhot 010010, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Land 2026, 15(6), 909; https://doi.org/10.3390/land15060909
Submission received: 25 April 2026 / Revised: 20 May 2026 / Accepted: 22 May 2026 / Published: 25 May 2026
Versions Notes

Abstract

Understanding the spatial heterogeneity of deep soil organic matter is critical for terrestrial carbon cycling, yet its driving mechanisms remain elusive due to a historical research bias toward surface layers. This study develops a 3D spatial prediction and mechanistic framework for Soil organic matter(SOM) across a 0–200 cm profile in the Mollisols of the Songnen Plain, Northeast China. By integrating systematic sampling with Random Forest modeling and a comprehensive suite of multi-source environmental covariates, we identified pronounced vertical stratification in SOM distribution and its governing factors. Our results reveal that surface SOM is primarily driven by climate, vegetation, and anthropogenic activities, whereas deep soil organic matter is dictated by intrinsic physicochemical properties and surface matrix compositions. Furthermore, significant interaction effects between topography and soil attributes further enhance SOM accumulation. This research clarifies the depth-dependent processes of carbon stabilization, providing a robust scientific basis for the targeted conservation and carbon sequestration enhancement of Mollisols.
Keywords: deep soil organic matter; vertical stratification; Mollisols; random forest; environmental covariates deep soil organic matter; vertical stratification; Mollisols; random forest; environmental covariates

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, Y.; Tai, S.; Li, Y.; She, R.; Shi, W. Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Organic Matter and Its Driving Mechanisms in the Dayangshu Area of the Songnen Plain. Land 2026, 15, 909. https://doi.org/10.3390/land15060909

AMA Style

Wang Y, Tai S, Li Y, She R, Shi W. Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Organic Matter and Its Driving Mechanisms in the Dayangshu Area of the Songnen Plain. Land. 2026; 15(6):909. https://doi.org/10.3390/land15060909

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Yongliang, Surigala Tai, Yongchun Li, Rong She, and Wenpeng Shi. 2026. "Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Organic Matter and Its Driving Mechanisms in the Dayangshu Area of the Songnen Plain" Land 15, no. 6: 909. https://doi.org/10.3390/land15060909

APA Style

Wang, Y., Tai, S., Li, Y., She, R., & Shi, W. (2026). Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Organic Matter and Its Driving Mechanisms in the Dayangshu Area of the Songnen Plain. Land, 15(6), 909. https://doi.org/10.3390/land15060909

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