Enhancing Access to Urban Hill Parks: The Montjuïc Trail Masterplan and the 360° Route Design in Barcelona
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Case Study: Montjuïc Park in Barcelona, Spain
2.2. Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Analysis of Previous Plans, Studies, and Initiatives before the Masterplan
3.2. Analysis of Key Factors Influencing the MTM Proposal: Heritage and Green Infrastructure
3.3. The Montjuïc Trail Masterplan Proposals
3.4. 360° Route Design
3.5. The Impact of Park Accesses on the Population
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Category | Title | Scope | Main Objectives | Strengths | Limitations |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Planning instruments | 2014 Montjuïc Hill Plan [21] | Montjuic Hill | Land-use plan; new mobility model; improvements to park–neighborhood relations | Zoning according to prevailing attributes (e.g., heritage, sports, green spaces); identification of a set of accesses | Mobility model lacks cultural ecosystem service-based trail planning |
2018 Action Plan for Montjuïc Park [32] | Montjuic Hill | Proposed specific actions based on 2014 Montjuïc Hill Plan | Entities and associations participating (up to 530 face-to-face); identification of trail potential as crucial | Lack of explicit inclusion of a comprehensive trail plan | |
Urban studies and sectorial planning | 2019 Study of Landscape Intervention Strategies for the Montjuïc Paths [33] | Montjuic Hill | Tool for developing future interventions on historical paths | Sketch of initial route structure with 18 physical barriers | Absence of comprehensive network (emphasis on thematic tours) |
2020 Proposal for Public Space and Mobility for Montjuïc [34] | Montjuic Hill | Measures to reduce car usage and promote active mobility | Emphasis on public transport access; proposal of safety measures for active mobility modes | No internal trail structure provided | |
2019 Strategic Plan for the Coastal Spaces of the City [35] | Barcelona’s coastline | Coastal areas as a quality public space; definition of a model with key stakeholders | Envisioning urban transit corridor and cliff-side sea-facing bike lane | No substantial impact on Montjuic Park observed | |
2019 Preliminary Study for the Recovery of the Infanta Canal and the Old Canal [36] | Linear heritage infrastructure | Acknowledgment of current heritage infrastructure for integration into public space | Comprehensive delineation of current linear infrastructure; identification of future intervention sites | Limited to southwestern foothill | |
2018 Urban Landscape Study Font de la Guatlla [37] | Neighborhood on north-western slope (3.20 ha) | Emphasis on highlighting neighborhood’s urban landscape for future decisions | Difficulties due to slope in accessing the park from this area | Small scope relative to the entire hill study | |
Civil society initiatives | 1994 Montjuïc 360° initiative [23] | Perimeter of Montjuic Hill | Converting circular route into designated signposted trail | Inspiring bottom-up initiative driven by the social organization’s promotion | Need to incorporate isolated route into broader trail plan |
2021 participatory budget [38] | District of Sants-Montjuïc | Empowering citizens to identify, prioritize, and vote on future public investments in their neighborhood | Hill ecosystems, ecological balance, and pathway improvement selected among various projects | Isolated actions lacking comprehensive park-wide vision |
Access Name | Access Code | Population 0–15 min (500 m) | Population 0–30 min (1000 m) | Multiplier Factor for the Increase in Population in the Second Ring 15–30 min |
---|---|---|---|---|
MNAC | 1 | 33 | 24,257 | 734.1 |
Forestier | 2 | 5298 | 42,274 | 7.0 |
Xirgu—Camí de València | 3 | 12,457 | 49,880 | 3.0 |
Valery Powles | 4 | 17,975 | 59,821 | 2.3 |
Miramar/3 Xemeneies | 5 | 14,196 | 53,342 | 2.8 |
Font Esparvé/Canal de la Infanta | 6 | 2296 | 15,348 | 5.7 |
Caus Borinot/Foc | 7 | 9366 | 35,756 | 2.8 |
Cos de Guàrdia | 8 | 3573 | 31,747 | 7.9 |
Plaça Sant Jordi | 9–11 | 392 | 23,553 | 59.1 |
Monestir | 12 | 223 | 20,274 | 89.9 |
All accesses merged | 1–12 | 47,125 | 134,686 | 1.9 |
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Mercadé-Aloy, J.; Cervera-Alonso-de-Medina, M. Enhancing Access to Urban Hill Parks: The Montjuïc Trail Masterplan and the 360° Route Design in Barcelona. Land 2024, 13, 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13010002
Mercadé-Aloy J, Cervera-Alonso-de-Medina M. Enhancing Access to Urban Hill Parks: The Montjuïc Trail Masterplan and the 360° Route Design in Barcelona. Land. 2024; 13(1):2. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13010002
Chicago/Turabian StyleMercadé-Aloy, Josep, and Marina Cervera-Alonso-de-Medina. 2024. "Enhancing Access to Urban Hill Parks: The Montjuïc Trail Masterplan and the 360° Route Design in Barcelona" Land 13, no. 1: 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13010002
APA StyleMercadé-Aloy, J., & Cervera-Alonso-de-Medina, M. (2024). Enhancing Access to Urban Hill Parks: The Montjuïc Trail Masterplan and the 360° Route Design in Barcelona. Land, 13(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13010002