The Effect of Artificial Field Margins on Epigeic Arthropod Functional Groups within Adjacent Arable Land of Northeast China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Biodiversity Sampling
2.3. Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Composition of Arthropods and Plant Communities
3.2. The Epigeic Arthropod Diversity within Adjacent Arable Land with Artificial and Semi-Natural Field Margins
3.3. The Compositions and Ecological Network of Epigeic Arthropod Functional Groups within Adjacent Arable Land with Artificial and Semi-Natural Field Margins
3.4. Effects of Vegetation Structure at Field Margins on the Distribution of the Epigeic Arthropod Community within Adjacent Arable Land
4. Discussion
4.1. Effects of Field Margin Types on Epigeic Arthropod Diversity within Adjacent Arable Land
4.2. The Influence of Artificial Field Margins on Epigeic Arthropod Functional Groups and Ecological Network Traits within Adjacent Arable Land
4.3. Effects of Vegetation Characteristics on Epigeic Arthropod Community Distribution within Adjacent Arable Land
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type of Field Margin | Typical Characteristics | Herb Vegetation Characteristics | |
---|---|---|---|
Semi-natural field margin | Grassland (GL) | 4 m < width < 10 m and rich herbaceous vegetation | The coverage of the herbaceous layer is about 92%, the canopy density of the tree layer is 0, and the dominant species is Eleusine indica. |
Woodland (WL) | 4 m < width < 10 m, with natural vegetation and artificially planted poplar forest | The cover of the herbaceous layer is about 85%, the canopy density of the tree layer is about 92%, and the dominant species was Polygonum aviculare. | |
Irrigation canals and ditches (CD) | Width < 10 m and may include tree species | The cover of the herbaceous layer is about 73%, the canopy density of the tree layer is about 65%, and the dominant species is Humulus scandens. | |
Artificial field margin | Dirt roads (DR) | 2 m < width < 4 m and single vegetation structure | The coverage of the herbaceous layer is about 50%, the canopy density of the tree layer is about 53%, and the dominant species is Echinochloa crusgalli. |
Paved roads (PR) | 2 m < width < 4 m and dominated by weeds | The cover of the herbaceous layer is about 51%, the canopy density of the tree layer is about 50%, and the dominant species is Aster tataricus. |
Types of Field Margin | Empirical Network | Randomized Network | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GD | avgD | D | avgCC | M | GD | avgCC | M | |
GL | 2.000 | 6.880 | 0.287 | 0.728 | 0.499 | 1.806 | 0.282 | 0.214 |
WL | 2.259 | 5.655 | 0.202 | 0.773 | 0.479 | 2.585 | 0.125 | 0.374 |
CD | 1.602 | 5.112 | 0.185 | 0.715 | 0.727 | 2.412 | 0.143 | 0.343 |
DR | 1.725 | 4.138 | 0.148 | 0.664 | 0.703 | 2.162 | 0.180 | 0.295 |
PR | 1.667 | 3.655 | 0.131 | 0.501 | 0.576 | 2.061 | 0.197 | 0.271 |
Environmental Factor | Explanation Rate/% | F-Value | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
HH | 21.1 | 6.33 | 0.007 |
HA | 13.7 | 3.59 | 0.019 |
TC | 10.0 | 4.48 | 0.01 |
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Wang, C.; Bian, Z.; Wang, S.; Liu, X.; Zhang, Y. The Effect of Artificial Field Margins on Epigeic Arthropod Functional Groups within Adjacent Arable Land of Northeast China. Land 2022, 11, 1910. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11111910
Wang C, Bian Z, Wang S, Liu X, Zhang Y. The Effect of Artificial Field Margins on Epigeic Arthropod Functional Groups within Adjacent Arable Land of Northeast China. Land. 2022; 11(11):1910. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11111910
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Chuqiao, Zhenxing Bian, Shuai Wang, Xiaochen Liu, and Yufei Zhang. 2022. "The Effect of Artificial Field Margins on Epigeic Arthropod Functional Groups within Adjacent Arable Land of Northeast China" Land 11, no. 11: 1910. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11111910