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Article

Mapping the Medieval Wall System of China and Mongolia: A Multi-Method Approach

by
Michael Storozum
1,*,
Dan Golan
1,
Ido Wachtel
2,
Zhidong Zhang
3,
Johannes S. Lotze
1 and
Gideon Shelach-Lavi
1
1
Department of Asian Studies, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel
2
Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel
3
Department of Bible Studies, The Hebrew University, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Land 2021, 10(10), 997; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10100997
Submission received: 12 August 2021 / Revised: 18 September 2021 / Accepted: 19 September 2021 / Published: 23 September 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 100 Years of Archaeological Research in China (1921-2021): A Space-Based Perspective)
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Abstract

The Medieval Wall System of China and Mongolia is one of the longest wall systems in the world, but its specific chronology, function, and purpose remain ambiguous. Constructed at various points throughout the 10th to 13th centuries CE, this network of walls, forts, and enclosures covers an estimated 4000 km and spans a wide range of ecozones, from the deserts of western China to the steppes of northern Mongolia and the Khingan mountain range. In this article we used historical atlases, topographic maps, and an array of different kinds of data derived from satellite remote sensing, to produce one of the first accurate maps of the Medieval Wall System. Through this large-scale mapping program, we are now able to evaluate previous work that estimates the length of the wall system and different areas of construction. By measuring the structures associated with the wall and the length of the wall itself, we identified at least three different areas of construction along the Medieval Wall System. Future studies may be able to use similar tools to develop more accurate maps of other wall systems throughout Eurasia to further advance the comparative study of ancient wall systems.
Keywords: Great Wall of China and Mongolia; remote sensing; Liao dynasty; Jin dynasty; ancient wall systems Great Wall of China and Mongolia; remote sensing; Liao dynasty; Jin dynasty; ancient wall systems

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MDPI and ACS Style

Storozum, M.; Golan, D.; Wachtel, I.; Zhang, Z.; Lotze, J.S.; Shelach-Lavi, G. Mapping the Medieval Wall System of China and Mongolia: A Multi-Method Approach. Land 2021, 10, 997. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10100997

AMA Style

Storozum M, Golan D, Wachtel I, Zhang Z, Lotze JS, Shelach-Lavi G. Mapping the Medieval Wall System of China and Mongolia: A Multi-Method Approach. Land. 2021; 10(10):997. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10100997

Chicago/Turabian Style

Storozum, Michael, Dan Golan, Ido Wachtel, Zhidong Zhang, Johannes S. Lotze, and Gideon Shelach-Lavi. 2021. "Mapping the Medieval Wall System of China and Mongolia: A Multi-Method Approach" Land 10, no. 10: 997. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10100997

APA Style

Storozum, M., Golan, D., Wachtel, I., Zhang, Z., Lotze, J. S., & Shelach-Lavi, G. (2021). Mapping the Medieval Wall System of China and Mongolia: A Multi-Method Approach. Land, 10(10), 997. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10100997

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