The Spatial Pattern of the Absorption of Cohesion Policy Funds in Polish Rural Areas
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Theoretical Framework (Literature Overview)
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Measurement of Cohesion Policy Funds Absorption
2.2. Measurement of the Level of Socio-economic Development
- -
- they had to characterise socio-economic development, as defined above, as comprehensively as possible, but at the same time the range of measures had to be limited only to the most important ones,
- -
- statistical data had to be available at commune level, gathered using the same methodology in all the units in the study,
- -
- they had to be characterised by not very strong correlations between them, but by substantial spatial diversity (expressed as a high coefficient of variation).
3. Results
3.1. Level of Cohesion Policy Funds Absorption
3.2. Level of Socio-Economic Development of Rural Areas
3.3. The Correlation between the Level of CP Funds Absorption and the Level of Socio-Economic Development
4. Discussion and Recommendations
- To provide stronger support for the least-developed rural areas by amending the allocation rules (1st recommendation).
- To introduce an obligatory minimum threshold of allocation to rural areas in regional operational programmes, or a varying level of minimal internal contributions, depending on the kind of intervention and the type of commune (2nd recommendation).
- To create an appropriate, simple, and intuitive methodology, one that takes into account features such as the affluence of local governments, the demographic conditions, and the accessibility of regional centres (services and labour markets) (3rd recommendation).
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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1 | KSI-SIMIK National Information System. |
2 | The central IT system. |
3 | In view of projects in the 2014–2020 framework being in progress, and the fact that time is needed to observe the effects of an intervention, only projects with “completed” status were analysed. |
4 | Average exchange rate between January 2007 and July 2018: 1 PLN = 0.24 EUR. |
5 | Data obtained from the GUS Local Data Bank (BDL), available on the www.bdl.stat.gov.pl website. |
6 | The overall number of business entities (denominator) also includes the farms of direct payment beneficiaries registered with the ARiMR, according to plot location and without any limits on plot area. |
7 | ** statistical significance of about 0.01. |
8 | This is one of the three fundamental Community objectives that was officially introduced by the Treaty of Lisbon (Article 2) [72]. |
Absorption Level | Basic Descriptive Statistics | ||
---|---|---|---|
Average in PLN per Capita | Median in PLN per Capita | Coefficient of Variation | |
1 | 1590 | 1617 | 37 |
2 | 3524 | 3475 | 17 |
3 | 6509 | 6336 | 20 |
4 | 23,870 | 15,978 | 96 |
Overall | 8877 | 4633 | 164 |
Type: Absorption Level & Development Class | Average per Capita CP Outlays (PLN) | Population Density (people/sq. km) | Balance of Migration per 1000 Residents | Proportion of Residents of Post-Working Age (%) | Percentage of Villages Reachable by Public Transport (%) | Percentage of Non-Agricultural Businesses in the Total Number of Businesses (Including Farms) (%) | Number of Agricultural Social Insurance Fund Pensioners per 100 Residents of Post-Working Age | Number of PIT and CIT Taxpayers per 1000 Residents | Communes’ Own Revenues as a Proportion of Their Total Revenue (%) | Number of Applications for Funding of CP Projects for 2007–2013 per 10,000 Residents | Number of Applications for LEADER Project Funding for 2007–2013 per 10,000 Residents | Share of Local Council Members Who Are University or High-School Graduates (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LOCATION ATTRACTIVENESS | DEMOGRAPHY | SPATIAL ACCESSIBILITY | DEAGRARIANISATION | AGRICULTURAL SECTOR | NON-AGRICULTURAL SECTOR | LOCAL FINANCE | ABSORPTION CAPACITY | |||||
I. non-high & low | 3259 | 42 | −3.7 | 19.3 | 72.7 | 15.2 | 54 | 30 | 29.3 | 103 | 35 | 72.7 |
IV. high & low | 22,253 | 36 | −4.0 | 18.4 | 65.0 | 16.6 | 50 | 31 | 33.7 | 144 | 37 | 65.0 |
II. non-high & medium | 3963 | 59 | −1.9 | 16.5 | 83.0 | 31.4 | 29 | 42 | 37.1 | 86 | 30 | 83.0 |
V. high & medium | 23,911 | 52 | −1.2 | 16.5 | 80.0 | 32.1 | 25 | 43 | 40.3 | 111 | 28 | 80.0 |
III. non-high & high | 4561 | 94 | 0.9 | 15.5 | 92.3 | 55.4 | 17 | 55 | 49.8 | 73 | 22 | 92.3 |
VI. high & high | 24,620 | 103 | 3.8 | 15.2 | 94.4 | 56.6 | 14 | 60 | 57.2 | 97 | 22 | 94.4 |
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Komorowski, Ł.; Mróz, A.; Stanny, M. The Spatial Pattern of the Absorption of Cohesion Policy Funds in Polish Rural Areas. Land 2021, 10, 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10010026
Komorowski Ł, Mróz A, Stanny M. The Spatial Pattern of the Absorption of Cohesion Policy Funds in Polish Rural Areas. Land. 2021; 10(1):26. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10010026
Chicago/Turabian StyleKomorowski, Łukasz, Agata Mróz, and Monika Stanny. 2021. "The Spatial Pattern of the Absorption of Cohesion Policy Funds in Polish Rural Areas" Land 10, no. 1: 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10010026
APA StyleKomorowski, Ł., Mróz, A., & Stanny, M. (2021). The Spatial Pattern of the Absorption of Cohesion Policy Funds in Polish Rural Areas. Land, 10(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10010026