Analysis of Long-Term Water Level Variation in Dongting Lake, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area and Data
2.2. Methodology
2.3. Determining the Hydrological Variables
3. Results of Water Level Variation at Dongting Lake
3.1. The Results of Lake Water Level from 1961 to 2014
3.2. The Results of Lake Water Levels from 1981 to 2014
3.3. Comparisons of Water Levels between Three Time Periods
4. Impacted Factors Analysis for the Water Level Variations
4.1. Impacted Factors Identification and Analysis for the Inter-Annual Variations of Water Level
4.2. Quantitive Identification on the Hydrological Variation Linked to TGD and GZB
4.3. Relationships between the Hydrological Processes and Net Rainfall around the Dongting Lake Region
5. Discussion
5.1. The Analysis on Water Level Changing Trend
5.2. Identification on the Hydrological Variation Linked to TGR and GZB
5.3. Further Evaluation on the Hydrological Variation Linked to Anthropogenic and Climate Factors
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Number | Variable | Definition | Unit |
---|---|---|---|
1 | WLM | Annual maximum lake water level | m |
2 | WL | Annual mean lake water level | m |
3 | WLm | Annual minimum lake water level | m |
4 | RA | Range between maximum and minimum water level | m |
5 | Cv | Coefficient of variation | % |
6 | JAN | Monthly lake water level in January | m |
7 | FEB | Monthly lake water level in February | m |
8 | MAR | Monthly lake water level in March | m |
9 | APR | Monthly lake water level in April | m |
10 | MAY | Monthly lake water level in May | m |
11 | JUN | Monthly lake water level in June | m |
12 | JUL | Monthly lake water level in July | m |
13 | AUG | Monthly lake water level in August | m |
14 | SEP | Monthly lake water level in September | m |
15 | OCT | Monthly lake water level in October | m |
16 | NOV | Monthly lake water level in November | m |
17 | DEC | Monthly lake water level in December | m |
Variable | Z (MK Test) | Sen’s Slope (cm/year) |
---|---|---|
WL | 2.1 ★ | 1.65 |
WLM | 0.6 | 0.90 |
WLm | 2.5 ★ | 4.58 |
RA | −2.3 ★ | −0.37 |
Cv | −3.5 ★ | |
JAN | 4.1 ★ | 3.53 |
FEB | 3.5 ★ | 3.07 |
MAR | 2.9 ★ | 4.29 |
APR | 1.6 | |
MAY | 0.6 | |
JUN | 2.1 ★ | 2.68 |
JUL | 0.8 | |
AUG | 1.3 | |
SEP | −0.1 | |
OCT | −1.7 | |
NOV | −1.4 | |
DEC | 1.5 |
Variable | Z (MK Test) | Sen’s Slope (cm/year) |
---|---|---|
WL | −1.0 | −0.79 |
WLM | −0.7 | −2.27 |
WLm | 2.6 ★ | 2.56 |
RA | −1.3 | |
SD | −0.7 | |
Cv | −0.6 | |
HR | −1.5 | |
JAN | 2.3 ★ | 2.62 |
FEB | 0.8 | |
MAR | 0.3 | |
APR | −0.9 | |
MAY | 1.7 | |
JUN | 0.8 | |
JUL | −0.5 | |
AUG | 0.0 | |
SEP | −0.9 | |
OCT | −3.8 ★ | −9.39 |
NOV | −1.8 | |
DEC | −0.7 |
Parameters | Element | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Months | 346.08 | 11 | 31.46 | 9.71 | 4.18 × 10−6 |
Sub-periods | 0.61 | 2 | 0.31 | 0.09 | 0.91 | |
2 | Months | 349.04 | 11 | 31.73 | 9.66 | 4.36 × 10−6 |
Sub-periods | 0.75 | 2 | 0.38 | 0.11 | 0.89 |
1961–1980 | 1981–2002 | 2003–2014 | 1981–1999 | 2000–2014 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (m) | Mean (m) | % | Mean (m) | % | Mean (m) | % | Mean (m) | % | |
WLM | 31.72 | 32.76 | 3.29 | 31.66 | −0.19 | 32.85 | 3.56 | 31.77 | 0.16 |
WL | 24.44 | 25.32 | 3.58 | 24.91 | 1.91 | 25.30 | 3.52 | 25.02 | 2.37 |
WLm | 18.45 | 19.81 | 7.38 | 20.28 | 9.92 | 19.73 | 6.94 | 20.29 | 9.97 |
JAN | 19.34 | 20.75 | 7.29 | 21.18 | 9.52 | 20.73 | 7.16 | 21.13 | 9.26 |
FEB | 19.23 | 20.90 | 8.68 | 21.21 | 10.30 | 20.89 | 8.66 | 21.15 | 10.00 |
MAR | 20.22 | 22.06 | 9.10 | 22.46 | 11.08 | 21.98 | 8.69 | 22.48 | 11.20 |
APR | 22.87 | 24.07 | 5.25 | 23.60 | 3.18 | 24.10 | 5.37 | 23.65 | 3.42 |
MAY | 26.23 | 25.88 | −1.33 | 26.13 | −0.36 | 25.76 | −1.79 | 26.23 | 0.00 |
JUN | 27.14 | 27.94 | 2.95 | 28.09 | 3.48 | 27.84 | 2.58 | 28.19 | 3.85 |
JUL | 29.77 | 30.85 | 3.63 | 29.84 | 0.23 | 30.97 | 4.03 | 29.89 | 0.41 |
AUG | 28.59 | 29.70 | 3.88 | 29.02 | 1.51 | 29.77 | 4.13 | 29.06 | 1.66 |
SEP | 28.24 | 28.83 | 2.09 | 27.99 | −0.88 | 28.87 | 2.23 | 28.11 | −0.45 |
OCT | 26.87 | 26.87 | 0.00 | 24.80 | −7.69 | 26.90 | 0.12 | 25.18 | −6.30 |
NOV | 23.90 | 24.19 | 1.21 | 23.22 | −2.84 | 24.08 | 0.76 | 23.55 | −1.48 |
DEC | 20.93 | 21.78 | 4.06 | 21.40 | 2.23 | 21.71 | 3.71 | 21.56 | 3.00 |
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Han, Q.; Zhang, S.; Huang, G.; Zhang, R. Analysis of Long-Term Water Level Variation in Dongting Lake, China. Water 2016, 8, 306. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8070306
Han Q, Zhang S, Huang G, Zhang R. Analysis of Long-Term Water Level Variation in Dongting Lake, China. Water. 2016; 8(7):306. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8070306
Chicago/Turabian StyleHan, Qiaoqian, Shuanghu Zhang, Guoxian Huang, and Rui Zhang. 2016. "Analysis of Long-Term Water Level Variation in Dongting Lake, China" Water 8, no. 7: 306. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8070306