Quality of Water in the Road Drainage Systems in the Warsaw Agglomeration, Poland
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Characteristics of the Studied Points
2.2. Sample Collection and Laboratory Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Indicators Characterizing the Salinity
3.2. Indicator Characterizing the Acidification
3.3. Indicators Characterizing the Nutrient Conditions
3.4. Heavy Metals
3.5. Indicators Characterizing the Organic Contamination
3.6. Correlations between Evaluated Parameters
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sampling Points | Characteristics | Traffic Intensity Vehicles/24 h |
---|---|---|
1 | Sealed reservoir with vertical, concrete walls shedding rainwater from grass ditches. A petrol station is located nearby. | 25,902 |
2 | Grass ditch with reed vegetation reinforced by a concrete grid shedding water to the drainage system along a road with high traffic density. Additionally, the ditch sheds runoff from a parking lot, a petrol station and a motor vehicle diagnostic station. | 58,888 |
3 | Ditch reinforced by wooden pegs and a concrete grid with regular escarpments, partly transformed into a concrete pipeline, equipped with runoff wells. The ditch flows into the Grabowskie Lake. | 58,888 |
4 | Grabowskie Lake, neighbouring farmlands, meadows and wetlands, sheds rainwater from the neighbouring housing societies and road with high traffic density. | 58,888 |
5 | Pond is an element of the biological treatment system (Phragmites australis), shedding runoff water from an overpass. | 24,746 |
6 | Reservoir of the “Bluszcze” pumping station with retention and compensation function, completely reinforced by a concrete grid and escarpments with a stable slope. The reservoirs drain runoff water from the Gocław district, the Wał Miedzeszyński terminus and the Siekierkowski Bridge area. | 24,746 19,101 |
7 | Reservoir reinforced by a concrete grid with regular escarpments and runoff wells. It drains runoff water from a country and local road. | 56,852 63,334 |
8 | Pond with aqueous vegetation draining a fragment of a local road. | 19,101 |
9 | Reservoir with runoff wells with concrete grid and regular escarpments. It drains a fragment of an express road and fast road. | 56,852 5355 |
pH | EC | Cl− | SO42− | NO3− | PO43− | Cu | Ni | Zn | Pb | TOC | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EC | 0.051 | ||||||||||
Cl− | −0.168 | 0.787 | |||||||||
SO42− | −0.039 | −0.117 | −0.191 | ||||||||
NO3− | −0.102 | 0.051 | −0.081 | 0.160 | |||||||
PO43− | −0.088 | −0.011 | 0.151 | −0.322 | −0.112 | ||||||
Cu | −0.081 | 0.196 | 0.411 | −0.283 | −0.165 | 0.650 | |||||
Ni | 0.068 | 0.426 | 0.530 | 0.280 | −0.084 | 0.092 | 0.303 | ||||
Zn | −0.052 | −0.042 | 0.121 | −0.396 | −0.043 | 0.297 | 0.358 | 0.176 | |||
Pb | 0.090 | 0.067 | −0.063 | −0.474 | 0.289 | 0.145 | 0.031 | −0.258 | 0.196 | ||
TOC | −0.243 | 0.426 | 0.439 | 0.186 | −0.314 | 0.095 | 0.188 | 0.256 | −0.295 | −0.146 | |
ChZT | −0.046 | −0.166 | 0.047 | −0.377 | −0.263 | 0.023 | 0.039 | −0.034 | 0.594 | 0.190 | −0.207 |
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Fronczyk, J.; Radziemska, M.; Dynowski, P.; Mazur, Z.; Bazydło, M. Quality of Water in the Road Drainage Systems in the Warsaw Agglomeration, Poland. Water 2016, 8, 429. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8100429
Fronczyk J, Radziemska M, Dynowski P, Mazur Z, Bazydło M. Quality of Water in the Road Drainage Systems in the Warsaw Agglomeration, Poland. Water. 2016; 8(10):429. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8100429
Chicago/Turabian StyleFronczyk, Joanna, Maja Radziemska, Piotr Dynowski, Zbigniew Mazur, and Marcin Bazydło. 2016. "Quality of Water in the Road Drainage Systems in the Warsaw Agglomeration, Poland" Water 8, no. 10: 429. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8100429