Refined Calculation of Multi-Objective Ecological Flow in Rivers, North China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.1.1. Study Area
2.1.2. Data Acquisition
2.2. Methodology
2.2.1. River Refinement
2.2.2. Integration of Multiple Methods
- (1)
- Flow-duration curve method
- (2)
- Intra-year distribution method
- (3)
- Ecological hydraulic radius method
2.2.3. Ecological Flow under Multi-Objective
2.2.4. Process of Ecological Flow under Multi-Period
3. Results
3.1. Basic Ecological Flow
3.2. Ecological Flow under Multi-Objective
3.3. Annual Water Demand Process
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Target EF | Ecological Connotations | Explanations |
---|---|---|
BEF | basic ecological function | water condition when a river is at the edge of a critical state |
SEF | integrity of species | the minimum flow to maintain the basic integrity of aquatic species |
FEF | maintain the stability of ecosystems | with the natural ecological service function, diversifying the ecological landscape, and having a certain amount of water resources for use |
Serial Numbers | Rivers | Reaches | Hydrological Methods | Hydraulic Methods | Habitat Methods | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flow-Duration Curve Methods | Multi-Year Average of Average Flow in the Driest Month | Qp Method | Intra-Year Distribution Method | Tennant Method | TEXAS Method | Wetted Perimeter Method | Ecological Hydraulic Radius Method | Fish Habitat Method | |||
1 | Baigou River | Upper reach of Baigou River | 0.31 | 2.09 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 1.02 | 3.85 | 3.56 | 3.15 | 2.38 |
2 | North Juma River | 1.33 | 2.28 | 0.27 | 0.48 | 1.05 | 4.40 | 4.56 | 2.58 | 2.60 | |
3 | Mountainous reach of Juma River | 0.07 | 2.27 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.44 | 3.39 | 4.44 | 2.01 | 1.95 | |
4 | Mountainous-plain reach of Juma River | 2.35 | 2.47 | 0.43 | 0.86 | 1.08 | 4.95 | 6.42 | 3.18 | 2.81 | |
5 | South Juma River | 2.76 | 4.01 | 0.29 | 1.76 | 0.56 | 5.62 | 5.53 | 2.61 | 2.62 | |
6 | Beiyishui | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.38 | 4.24 | 3.36 | 2.06 | 1.84 | |
7 | Zhongyishui | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.40 | 3.30 | 2.15 | 2.16 | 2.36 | |
8 | Entering BYD reach of Baigouyin River | 1.36 | 2.63 | 0.22 | 0.04 | 0.44 | 4.67 | 6.25 | 6.71 | 2.71 | |
9 | Ping River | Ping River | 0.56 | 0.37 | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.32 | 1.15 | 2.01 | 2.01 | 2.02 |
10 | Bao River | Bao River | 0.86 | 0.87 | 0.12 | 0.32 | 0.86 | 1.66 | 3.68 | 3.58 | 3.21 |
11 | Cao River | Cao River | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.13 | 0.51 | 1.03 | 2.22 | 5.36 | 4.36 | 4.26 |
12 | Fu River | Fu River | 1.50 | 1.62 | 0.36 | 1.24 | 1.65 | 2.89 | 7.61 | 7.26 | 6.35 |
13 | Tang River | Upper reach of Tang River | 1.63 | 2.25 | 0.06 | 0.34 | 0.79 | 4.57 | 7.36 | 6.35 | 2.48 |
14 | Middle reach of Tang River (Xidayang reservoir-Beixindian) | 1.28 | 0.40 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.51 | 2.82 | 5.68 | 5.26 | 3.65 | |
15 | Entering BYD reach of Tang River (Beixindian-BYD) | 0.83 | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.21 | 0.49 | 5.36 | 4.98 | 3.02 | |
16 | Xiaoyi River | Xiaoyi River | 1.02 | 1.07 | 0.31 | 0.95 | 1.24 | 3.52 | 6.21 | 5.15 | 5.02 |
17 | Zhulong River | Upper reach of Sha River | 1.01 | 1.18 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.78 | 3.41 | 5.36 | 8.79 | 8.72 |
18 | Reach below Wangkuai Reservoir of Sha River | 0.78 | 0.38 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.93 | 4.70 | 5.69 | 7.36 | 4.26 | |
19 | Middle reach of Sha River | 0.61 | 0.52 | 0.13 | 0.01 | 0.57 | 4.09 | 5.81 | 6.51 | 3.40 | |
20 | Reach below Hengshanling Reservoir of Ci River | 1.56 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.16 | 3.33 | 6.61 | 7.02 | 6.02 | |
21 | Entering BYD reach of Zhulong River (Beiguocun-BYD) | 1.23 | 1.07 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 2.13 | 1.23 | 9.63 | 10.26 | 9.18 |
Serial Numbers | Rivers | Reaches | BEF | SEF | FEF |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Baigou River | Upper reach of Baigou River | 0.31 | 0.51 | 0.71 |
2 | North Juma River | 2.28 | 6.28 | 11.54 | |
3 | Mountainous reach of Juma River | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.12 | |
4 | Mountainous-plain reach of Juma River | 2.35 | 6.48 | 11.93 | |
5 | South Juma River | 2.86 | 7.91 | 14.73 | |
6 | Beiyishui | 1.34 | 3.65 | 6.37 | |
7 | Zhongyishui | 1.16 | 3.15 | 5.38 | |
8 | Entering BYD reach of Baigouyin River | 2.78 | 7.68 | 14.29 | |
9 | Ping River | Ping River | 0.95 | 2.56 | 4.23 |
10 | Bao River | Bao River | 1.68 | 4.60 | 8.24 |
11 | Cao River | Cao River | 2.21 | 6.09 | 11.16 |
12 | Fu River | Fu River | 3.39 | 9.39 | 17.65 |
13 | Tang River | Upper reach of Tang River | 1.63 | 4.46 | 7.97 |
14 | Middle reach of Tang River (Xidayang reservoir-Beixindian) | 2.19 | 6.03 | 11.05 | |
15 | Entering BYD reach of Tang River (Beixindian-BYD) | 1.67 | 4.58 | 8.19 | |
16 | Xiaoyi River | Xiaoyi River | 2.72 | 7.52 | 13.96 |
17 | Zhulong River | Upper reach of Sha River | 1.01 | 2.73 | 4.56 |
18 | Reach below Wangkuai Reservoir of Sha River | 2.69 | 7.43 | 13.80 | |
19 | Middle reach of Sha River | 2.41 | 6.65 | 12.26 | |
20 | Reach below Hengshanling Reservoir of Ci River | 2.76 | 7.63 | 14.18 | |
21 | Entering BYD reach of Zhulong River (Beiguocun-BYD) | 3.87 | 10.74 | 20.29 |
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Jiao, Y.; Liu, J.; Li, C.; Xu, Z.; Cui, Y. Refined Calculation of Multi-Objective Ecological Flow in Rivers, North China. Water 2023, 15, 1003. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15051003
Jiao Y, Liu J, Li C, Xu Z, Cui Y. Refined Calculation of Multi-Objective Ecological Flow in Rivers, North China. Water. 2023; 15(5):1003. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15051003
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiao, Yufei, Jia Liu, Chuanzhe Li, Zhenghe Xu, and Yingjie Cui. 2023. "Refined Calculation of Multi-Objective Ecological Flow in Rivers, North China" Water 15, no. 5: 1003. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15051003