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Review

Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): A Rampart against the Adverse Effects of Drought Stress

1
Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Ferhat Abbas of Setif, Setif 19000, Algeria
2
East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Centre, Plant Protection Research Department, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tabriz 5355179854, Iran
3
Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 04181 Kosice, Slovakia
4
Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Old Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
5
Department of Biological Sciences, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
6
Laboratory of Soil Biology, University of Neuchatel, 11 Rue Emile Argand, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2023, 15(3), 418; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15030418
Submission received: 9 November 2022 / Revised: 30 December 2022 / Accepted: 16 January 2023 / Published: 19 January 2023

Abstract

Abiotic stress significantly limits plant growth and production. Drought, in particular, is a severe constraint that affects growth and limits agricultural productivity on a global scale. Water stress induces in plants a set of morpho-anatomical (modification of root and leaf structure), physiological, and biochemical (relative water content, membrane stability, photosynthesis, hormonal balance, antioxidant systems, and osmolyte accumulation) changes mainly employed to cope with the drought stress. These strategies allow the plant to overcome the unfavorable period of limited water availability. Currently, a promising alternative is available to improve plant growth and tolerance under drought conditions. The use of osmotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as inoculants can alleviate water stress by increasing the water use efficiency of the plant. The PGPR improve the tolerance of plants to drought, through changes in the morphology and architecture of the root system, production of phytohormones, extracellular polysaccharides, ACC 1-(aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase, volatile chemicals, and osmolyte accumulation. They may also enhance the antioxidant defense system and induce transcriptional regulation of stress response genes. This review addresses the effects of stress on plant growth, adaptation, and response to drought conditions and discusses the significant potential of PGPR to modulate the physiological response against water scarcity, ensuring plant survival and improving the resistance and growth of agricultural crops.
Keywords: water stress; PGPR; osmotolerance; phytohormones; antioxidants water stress; PGPR; osmotolerance; phytohormones; antioxidants

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MDPI and ACS Style

Bouremani, N.; Cherif-Silini, H.; Silini, A.; Bouket, A.C.; Luptakova, L.; Alenezi, F.N.; Baranov, O.; Belbahri, L. Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): A Rampart against the Adverse Effects of Drought Stress. Water 2023, 15, 418. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15030418

AMA Style

Bouremani N, Cherif-Silini H, Silini A, Bouket AC, Luptakova L, Alenezi FN, Baranov O, Belbahri L. Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): A Rampart against the Adverse Effects of Drought Stress. Water. 2023; 15(3):418. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15030418

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bouremani, Naoual, Hafsa Cherif-Silini, Allaoua Silini, Ali Chenari Bouket, Lenka Luptakova, Faizah N. Alenezi, Oleg Baranov, and Lassaad Belbahri. 2023. "Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): A Rampart against the Adverse Effects of Drought Stress" Water 15, no. 3: 418. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15030418

APA Style

Bouremani, N., Cherif-Silini, H., Silini, A., Bouket, A. C., Luptakova, L., Alenezi, F. N., Baranov, O., & Belbahri, L. (2023). Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): A Rampart against the Adverse Effects of Drought Stress. Water, 15(3), 418. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15030418

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