Hydro-Geochemical Characteristics of the Shallow Alluvial Aquifer and Its Potential Artificial Recharge to Sustain the Low Flow of the Garonne River
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Description of the Study Area
3. The Concept of Artificial Groundwater Recharge in the TAG Area
4. Materials and Methods
5. Result and Discussion
5.1. Piezometric Map Delineation and Groundwater Level Fluctuation
5.2. Groundwater Hydrochemistry
5.2.1. Nitrates (NO3−)
5.2.2. Dominated Hydrochemical Processes in the Alluvial Aquifer
5.2.3. Hydrochemical Facies of the Groundwater
5.2.4. Silicate Hydrolysis
5.3. Modeling of Groundwater Flow
5.3.1. Boundary Conditions
5.3.2. Hydraulic Conductivity
5.3.3. Steady-State Calibration
5.3.4. Results of Transient Modeling
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mineral Saturation Index | Min | Max | Average | Standard Deviation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Anhydrite | −2.9 | −1.9 | −2.3 | 0.2 |
Calcite | −1.3 | 0.1 | −0.6 | 0.3 |
Dolomite | −2.8 | −0.5 | −1.7 | 0.5 |
Gypsum | −2.5 | −1.5 | −1.9 | 0.2 |
Halite | −8.5 | −6.6 | −7.5 | 0.4 |
Quartz | −0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
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Asmael, N.; Dupuy, A.; McLachlan, P.; Franceschi, M. Hydro-Geochemical Characteristics of the Shallow Alluvial Aquifer and Its Potential Artificial Recharge to Sustain the Low Flow of the Garonne River. Water 2023, 15, 2972. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15162972
Asmael N, Dupuy A, McLachlan P, Franceschi M. Hydro-Geochemical Characteristics of the Shallow Alluvial Aquifer and Its Potential Artificial Recharge to Sustain the Low Flow of the Garonne River. Water. 2023; 15(16):2972. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15162972
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsmael, Nazeer, Alain Dupuy, Paul McLachlan, and Michel Franceschi. 2023. "Hydro-Geochemical Characteristics of the Shallow Alluvial Aquifer and Its Potential Artificial Recharge to Sustain the Low Flow of the Garonne River" Water 15, no. 16: 2972. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15162972