Anaerobic Digestion of Municipal Sewage Sludge Integrated with Brewery Wastewater Treatment: Importance of Temperature and Mixing Ratio
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Operation of the Plant-Scale Anaerobic Digesters
2.2. Batch Tests Operation
2.2.1. Substrates and Inoculum
2.2.2. Batch Anaerobic Reactors and Operations
2.3. Analytical Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Plant-Scale Anaerobic Digestion Performance of Municipal Sewage Sludge without/with the Involvement of Brewery Wastewater
3.2. Effects of Brewery Wastewater Mixing Ratio and Temperature on Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Municipal Sewage Sludge
3.2.1. Biogas Production Process
3.2.2. The Variation in Organic Matter, Ammonia and Phosphate Concentrations in the Reactors
3.3. Microbial Community
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- Within a certain range (0–20%), an increased ratio of brewery wastewater is beneficial to increase biogas production. The highest biogas production was achieved when the mixing ratio was 20%, which was 44.6% higher than that without brewery wastewater. However, a further increase in the mixing ratio could lead to the acidification of the anaerobic system, thus inhibiting biogas production.
- (2)
- With increasing temperature, the biogas production effect of the reactor with a high mixing ratio of brewery wastewater was significantly improved, indicating that high temperature is beneficial for improving the synergistic anaerobic digestion effect between brewery wastewater and municipal sewage sludge.
- (3)
- The anaerobic co-digestion of municipal sewage sludge with brewery wastewater was accompanied by the release of ammonia nitrogen and the removal of phosphate, which was also influenced by the mixing ratio and the temperature.
- (4)
- The microbial community structure was significantly changed with the introduction of brewery wastewater. With the increasing mixing ratio of brewery wastewater, Firmicutes gradually become dominant instead of Chloroflexi. Meanwhile, the proportion of Methanothrix was significantly reduced, and Methanolinea and Methanosarcina gradually dominated.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Primary Sludge | Excess Activated Sludge | Brewery Wastewater |
---|---|---|---|
TS (g/L) | 35.5 ± 5.6 | 38.5 ± 3.8 | 25.3 ± 5.1 |
VS (g/L) | 16.7 ± 3.9 | 19.6 ± 2.2 | 19.5 ± 4.2 |
SCOD (mg/L) | 312.2 ± 52.3 | 126.4 ± 18.9 | 30,576 ± 6547 |
NH4+-N (mg/L) | 93.8 ± 13.5 | 1.25 ± 0.2 | 95.6 ± 35.7 |
PO43−-P (mg/L) | 37.1 ± 2.4 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 85.6 ± 18.5 |
pH | 6.4 ± 0.2 | 6.8 ± 0.2 | 5.0 ± 0.7 |
Parameter | Municipal Sewage Sludge | Brewery Wastewater | Inoculum |
---|---|---|---|
TS (g/L) | 37.5 ± 3.5 | 19.2 ± 3.4 | 42.1 ± 3.2 |
VS (g/L) | 16.2 ± 1.6 | 18.1 ± 1.9 | 27.5 ± 2.4 |
SCOD (mg/L) | 239 ± 18 | 28,851 ± 485 | 423 ± 52 |
Carbohydrate (mg/L) | 12.8 ± 1.3 | 23,700 ± 520 | 11.5 ± 1.8 |
NH4+-N (mg/L) | 45.0 ± 3.4 | 153.8 ± 15.5 | 440.3 ± 27.2 |
PO43−-P (mg/L) | 47.8 ± 3.1 | 94.3 ± 3.9 | 24.2 ± 1.6 |
Alkilinity (mg/L) | 1567.2 ± 92.7 | 999.6 ± 56.4 | 112.9 ± 1.5 |
pH | 6.5 ± 0.3 | 4.3 ± 0.3 | 7.8 ± 0.2 |
Mixing Ratio | 0% | 2% | 5% | 10% | 20% | 35% | 50% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SCOD/NH4+-N | 5.3 ± 0.2 | 17.2 ± 0.6 | 33.1 ± 1.4 | 55.5 ± 2.8 | 89.3 ± 3.6 | 123.4 ± 3.8 | 146.3 ± 3.4 |
DF | Sum of Squares | Mean Square | F Value | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Temperature | 2 | 184.94148 | 92.47074 | 0.09721 | 0.90807 |
Mixing ratio | 6 | 13,564.24872 | 2260.70812 | 2.37656 | 0.09517 |
Interaction | 12 | 11,415.01938 | 951.25161 | ||
Model | 20 | 25,164.20957 | 1258.21048 | 1.80672 | 0.17148 |
Error | 0 | 0 | -- | ||
Corrected Total | 20 | 25,164.20957 |
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Zhang, W.; Yin, Z.; Gu, R.; Liu, C.; Xu, N.; Sun, Z.; Jing, L.; Niu, X. Anaerobic Digestion of Municipal Sewage Sludge Integrated with Brewery Wastewater Treatment: Importance of Temperature and Mixing Ratio. Water 2023, 15, 2902. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15162902
Zhang W, Yin Z, Gu R, Liu C, Xu N, Sun Z, Jing L, Niu X. Anaerobic Digestion of Municipal Sewage Sludge Integrated with Brewery Wastewater Treatment: Importance of Temperature and Mixing Ratio. Water. 2023; 15(16):2902. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15162902
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Wei, Zhixuan Yin, Ruihuan Gu, Changqing Liu, Nan Xu, Zhifu Sun, Lu Jing, and Xinyuan Niu. 2023. "Anaerobic Digestion of Municipal Sewage Sludge Integrated with Brewery Wastewater Treatment: Importance of Temperature and Mixing Ratio" Water 15, no. 16: 2902. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15162902