Research on the Hydraulic Characteristics of Island Fishways by Experimental and Numerical Methods
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Method
2.2. Numerical Simulation
2.2.1. Model Domain and Design Parameters
2.2.2. Governing Equations
- (i)
- Turbulence control equation
- (ii)
- Free surface control equation
2.2.3. Mesh and Boundary Conditions
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Experimental Results and Model Performance Validation
3.2. Hydraulic Characteristic Analysis
3.2.1. Velocity Field Distribution
3.2.2. Turbulent Kinetic Energy
3.2.3. Water Depth Distribution
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The main flow area of the fishway was evident in the pool chamber. Additionally, the rear of the island structure presented a small area of low flow velocity, and this area tended to elongate with the increase in island distance setting. The proportion of high and low flow velocity areas varied little under different pool layout schemes, while low flow velocity areas often accounted for over 60% of the pool area.
- (2)
- The upper layer’s maximum flow velocity was higher than that of the lower layer, while the average velocity was similar. The arrangement of the island significantly suppresses the maximum flow velocity of different water layers (d = 1.5b having a better effect). However, this inhibitory effect weakens as the island distance increases; for the average flow velocity, the effect of the island leads to a slight increase, and as the island distance increases, the overall effect tends to intensify.
- (3)
- The distribution of TKE values in the upper layer was significantly higher than that in the lower layer. When d was taken as 0 or 1.5b, it had an excellent inhibitory effect on TKE, with a maximum weakening TKE value of up to 30%. Overall, TKE values showed an increasing trend with increasing d values, with a maximum increase of approximately 40% (d = 6b; h2). The average turbulent kinetic energy in the pool chamber was relatively small, and the maximum turbulent kinetic energy in the pool chamber was less than 0.01s2/m2.
- (4)
- The water level showed a stepped distribution as a whole. The results show that its changes were not significant under different models, and there was only a certain effect of raising the water level when d = 0 and 1.5b. However, further increasing the d value might even lead to a slight decrease in the water level. Combined with the above flow rate and TKE analysis, it could be considered appropriate to take a value near 1.5b for d.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mesh Number | Size (m) | Elements | Error (%) |
---|---|---|---|
M1 | 0.01 | 59,460 | 7 |
M2 | 0.008 | 112,900 | 6.08 |
M3 | 0.006 | 257,268 | 5.95 |
M4 | 0.005 | 461,720 | 5.98 |
No. | ||
---|---|---|
1 | 38.6 | 40.5 |
2 | 31.9 | 33.6 |
3 | 28.1 | 28.8 |
4 | 25.4 | 26.9 |
1(I) | 40.1 | 42.2 |
No. | H | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | h1 | 0.538 | - | 0.167 | - | 0.575 |
h2 | 0.548 | - | 0.155 | - | 0.494 | |
2 (0b) | h1 | 0.491 | −8.740 | 0.169 | 1.200 | 0.524 |
h2 | 0.505 | −7.850 | 0.167 | 7.740 | 0.513 | |
3 (1.5b) | h1 | 0.449 | −16.540 | 0.162 | 3.000 | 0.588 |
h2 | 0.456 | −16.790 | 0.156 | 0.650 | 0.544 | |
4 (3b) | h1 | 0.481 | −10.590 | 0.167 | 0 | 0.624 |
h2 | 0.453 | −17.340 | 0.166 | 7.100 | 0.611 | |
5 (4.5b) | h1 | 0.486 | −9.670 | 0.182 | 8.980 | 0.797 |
h2 | 0.455 | −16.970 | 0.179 | 15.480 | 0.713 | |
6 (6b) | h1 | 0.497 | −7.620 | 0.169 | 1.200 | 0.587 |
h2 | 0.496 | −9.490 | 0.173 | 11.610 | 0.612 |
No. | H | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | h1 | 4.62 | - | 1.62 | - |
h2 | 5.54 | - | 1.99 | - | |
2 (0b) | h1 | 3.70 | −19.91 | 1.29 | −20.37 |
h2 | 4.73 | −14.62 | 1.74 | −12.56 | |
3 (1.5b) | h1 | 3.98 | −13.85 | 1.15 | −29.01 |
h2 | 4.83 | −12.82 | 1.51 | −24.12 | |
4 (3b) | h1 | 4.53 | −1.95 | 1.42 | −12.35 |
h2 | 6.34 | 14.44 | 1.91 | −4.02 | |
5 (4.5b) | h1 | 5.42 | 17.32 | 2.10 | 29.63 |
h2 | 6.49 | 17.15 | 2.81 | 41.21 | |
6 (6b) | h1 | 6.34 | 37.23 | 2.07 | 27.78 |
h2 | 7.77 | 40.25 | 2.79 | 40.20 |
No. | Hsl (mm) | RHsl (%) | Hsr (mm) | RHsr (%) | Hsm (mm) | RHsm (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 44.84 | - | 41.14 | - | 38.34 | - |
2 | 45.46 | 1.38 | 42.41 | 3.09 | 39.72 | 3.60 |
3 | 45.04 | 0.45 | 42.96 | 4.42 | 39.95 | 4.20 |
4 | 44.44 | −0.89 | 42.33 | 2.89 | 38.86 | 1.36 |
5 | 42.92 | −4.28 | 40.81 | −0.80 | 36.52 | −4.75 |
6 | 42.59 | −5.02 | 40.66 | −1.17 | 37.51 | −2.16 |
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Zeng, G.; Xu, M.; Mou, J.; Wang, K.; Ren, Y. Research on the Hydraulic Characteristics of Island Fishways by Experimental and Numerical Methods. Water 2023, 15, 2592. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15142592
Zeng G, Xu M, Mou J, Wang K, Ren Y. Research on the Hydraulic Characteristics of Island Fishways by Experimental and Numerical Methods. Water. 2023; 15(14):2592. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15142592
Chicago/Turabian StyleZeng, Guorui, Maosen Xu, Jiegang Mou, Keke Wang, and Yun Ren. 2023. "Research on the Hydraulic Characteristics of Island Fishways by Experimental and Numerical Methods" Water 15, no. 14: 2592. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15142592