How Heterogeneous Pore Scale Distributions of Wettability Affect Infiltration into Porous Media
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Theory of Effective Contact Angles
2.2. Multiphase Lattice Boltzmann Model
2.3. Model Validation
2.4. Infiltration into Porous Media Depending on Contact Angle Distribution
2.5. Infiltration into Soil
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Dynamic: Simplified Porous System
3.1.1. Homogeneous Coating Pattern
3.1.2. Body-Throat Coating Patterns
3.1.3. Stripes Coating Pattern
3.1.4. Comparison with Cassie Equation
3.2. Critical Contact Angle (CCA)
3.3. Cassie Equation in Soil
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CA | contact angle |
CCA | critical contact angle |
CFD | computational fluid dynamics |
LBM | Lattice Boltzmann Method |
lu | length unit |
mu | mass unit |
SC | Shan-Chen |
SEM | scanning electron microscope |
SOM | soil organic matter |
SRXTM | synchrotron-based X-ray tomographic microscopy |
SWR | soil water repellency |
ts | time steps |
WB: | Washburn |
Symbols: | |
surface fraction | |
grid spacing | |
conversion factor of length | |
conversion factors of mass | |
conversion factors of time | |
conversion factors of surface tension | |
conversion factors of dynamic viscosity | |
plate spacing or particle diameter | |
discrete velocities along direction | |
body force | |
gravitational force | |
interparticle force | |
particle distribution function along direction | |
equilibrium particle distribution function along direction | |
interaction strength | |
position of the contact line | |
physical length | |
error norm | |
number of lattice nodes | |
pressure | |
correlation coefficient | |
time | |
macroscopic velocity | |
infiltration front velocity | |
weighting factor along direction | |
penetration length | |
penetration length of finest grid | |
penetrated length after short system settling | |
stripe width | |
stripe width of the body of a body-phobic coating | |
stripe width of the body of a body-phobic coating | |
surface tension | |
time step | |
porosity | |
dynamic viscosity | |
kinematic viscosity | |
macroscopic density | |
constant of interaction potential function | |
pseudo density of the wall | |
effective total infiltration rate | |
relaxation time | |
contact angle | |
effective contact angle | |
interaction potential | |
constant of interaction potential function |
Appendix A. Unit Conversion
Appendix B. Grid Convergence
References
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Coating Pattern | Description |
---|---|
homogeneous pattern | all particles homogeneously coated with the same (Figure 7a) |
body-throat pattern | particle surface of the pore throat and pore body having different (Figure 7b) |
stripes pattern | particle surface divided into stripes of equal size, which alternately have two different (Figure 7c) |
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Bentz, J.; Patel, R.A.; Benard, P.; Lieu, A.; Haupenthal, A.; Kroener, E. How Heterogeneous Pore Scale Distributions of Wettability Affect Infiltration into Porous Media. Water 2022, 14, 1110. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14071110
Bentz J, Patel RA, Benard P, Lieu A, Haupenthal A, Kroener E. How Heterogeneous Pore Scale Distributions of Wettability Affect Infiltration into Porous Media. Water. 2022; 14(7):1110. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14071110
Chicago/Turabian StyleBentz, Jonas, Ravi A. Patel, Pascal Benard, Alice Lieu, Adrian Haupenthal, and Eva Kroener. 2022. "How Heterogeneous Pore Scale Distributions of Wettability Affect Infiltration into Porous Media" Water 14, no. 7: 1110. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14071110
APA StyleBentz, J., Patel, R. A., Benard, P., Lieu, A., Haupenthal, A., & Kroener, E. (2022). How Heterogeneous Pore Scale Distributions of Wettability Affect Infiltration into Porous Media. Water, 14(7), 1110. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14071110