Responses of Bacterial Taxonomical Diversity Indicators to Pollutant Loadings in Experimental Wetland Microcosms
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Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201-0413, USA
2
Institute for Systems Change and Peacebuilding, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201-0413, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Ewa Wojciechowska
Water 2022, 14(2), 251; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14020251
Received: 10 December 2021
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Revised: 8 January 2022
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Accepted: 12 January 2022
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Published: 16 January 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Constructed Wetlands for Water Pollution Control in Urban and Rural Areas)
Urbanization results in higher stormwater loadings of pollutants such as metals and nutrients into surface waters. This directly impacts organisms in aquatic ecosystems, including microbes. Sediment microbes are known for pollution reduction in the face of contamination, making bacterial communities an important area for bioindicator research. This study explores the pattern of bacterial responses to metal and nutrient pollution loading and seeks to evaluate whether bacterial indicators can be effective as a biomonitoring risk assessment tool for wetland ecosystems. Microcosms were built containing sediments collected from wetlands in the urbanizing Pike River watershed in southeastern Wisconsin, USA, with metals and nutrients added at 7 day intervals. Bacterial DNA was extracted from the microcosm sediments, and taxonomical profiles of bacterial communities were identified up to the genera level by sequencing 16S bacterial rRNA gene (V3–V4 region). Reduction of metals (example: 90% for Pb) and nutrients (example: 98% for NO3−) added in water were observed. The study found correlations between diversity indices of genera with metal and nutrient pollution as well as identified specific genera (including Fusibacter, Aeromonas, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Bdellovibrio, and Chlorobium) as predictive bioindicators for ecological risk assessment for metal pollution.
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Keywords:
microcosm; constructed wetland; bioindicator; metal; pollutant; ecological risk assessment; water pollution
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MDPI and ACS Style
Ghosh Roy, S.; Wimpee, C.F.; McGuire, S.A.; Ehlinger, T.J. Responses of Bacterial Taxonomical Diversity Indicators to Pollutant Loadings in Experimental Wetland Microcosms. Water 2022, 14, 251. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14020251
AMA Style
Ghosh Roy S, Wimpee CF, McGuire SA, Ehlinger TJ. Responses of Bacterial Taxonomical Diversity Indicators to Pollutant Loadings in Experimental Wetland Microcosms. Water. 2022; 14(2):251. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14020251
Chicago/Turabian StyleGhosh Roy, Subhomita, Charles F. Wimpee, S. A. McGuire, and Timothy J. Ehlinger. 2022. "Responses of Bacterial Taxonomical Diversity Indicators to Pollutant Loadings in Experimental Wetland Microcosms" Water 14, no. 2: 251. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14020251
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