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Article

Validation of a Swimming Direction Model for the Downstream Migration of Atlantic Salmon Smolts

by
Marcell Szabo-Meszaros
1,*,†,
Ana T. Silva
2,†,
Kim M. Bærum
3,
Henrik Baktoft
4,
Knut Alfredsen
1,
Richard D. Hedger
2,
Finn Økland
2,
Karl Ø. Gjelland
5,
Hans-Petter Fjeldstad
6,‡,
Olle Calles
7 and
Torbjørn Forseth
2
1
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, S. P. Andersens 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
2
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Høgskoleringen 9, 7043 Trondheim, Norway
3
Norwegian Institute of Nature Research (NINA), Fakkelgården, 2624 Lillehammer, Norway
4
National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
5
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Hjalmar Johansens gate 14, 9007 Tromsø, Norway
6
SINTEF Energy Research, Sem Sælandsvei 11, 7048 Trondheim, Norway
7
River Ecology and Management Research Group RivEM, Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Karlstad University, 651 88 Karlstad, Sweden
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Contributed equally to this work and are considered to be co-first authors.
‡
Deceased in March 2020.
Water 2021, 13(9), 1230; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13091230
Submission received: 26 March 2021 / Revised: 23 April 2021 / Accepted: 26 April 2021 / Published: 28 April 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fish Passage at Hydropower Dams)
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Abstract

Fish swimming performance is strongly influenced by flow hydrodynamics, but little is known about the relation between fine-scale fish movements and hydrodynamics based on in-situ investigations. In the presented study, we validated the etho-hydraulic fish swimming direction model presented in the River Mandal from Southern Norway, using similar behavioral and hydraulic data on salmon smolts from the River Orkla in Central Norway. The re-parametrized model explained the variation of the swimming direction of fish in the Orkla system in same degree as the original model performed in the Mandal system (R2: 84% in both cases). The transferability of the model when using it from one river to predict swimming direction in the other river was lower (R2: 21% and 26%), but nevertheless relatively high given that the two localities differed in hydraulic conditions. The analyses thus provide support for the fact that the identified hydraulic parameters and their interaction affected smolt behavior in a similar way at the two sites, but that local parametrization of the base model is required. The developed etho-hydraulic models can provide important insights into fish behavior and fish migration trajectories and can be developed into prediction models important for the future development of behavioral downstream migration solutions.
Keywords: etho-hydraulics; 2D telemetry; CFD modeling etho-hydraulics; 2D telemetry; CFD modeling

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MDPI and ACS Style

Szabo-Meszaros, M.; Silva, A.T.; Bærum, K.M.; Baktoft, H.; Alfredsen, K.; Hedger, R.D.; Økland, F.; Gjelland, K.Ø.; Fjeldstad, H.-P.; Calles, O.; et al. Validation of a Swimming Direction Model for the Downstream Migration of Atlantic Salmon Smolts. Water 2021, 13, 1230. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13091230

AMA Style

Szabo-Meszaros M, Silva AT, Bærum KM, Baktoft H, Alfredsen K, Hedger RD, Økland F, Gjelland KØ, Fjeldstad H-P, Calles O, et al. Validation of a Swimming Direction Model for the Downstream Migration of Atlantic Salmon Smolts. Water. 2021; 13(9):1230. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13091230

Chicago/Turabian Style

Szabo-Meszaros, Marcell, Ana T. Silva, Kim M. Bærum, Henrik Baktoft, Knut Alfredsen, Richard D. Hedger, Finn Økland, Karl Ø. Gjelland, Hans-Petter Fjeldstad, Olle Calles, and et al. 2021. "Validation of a Swimming Direction Model for the Downstream Migration of Atlantic Salmon Smolts" Water 13, no. 9: 1230. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13091230

APA Style

Szabo-Meszaros, M., Silva, A. T., Bærum, K. M., Baktoft, H., Alfredsen, K., Hedger, R. D., Økland, F., Gjelland, K. Ø., Fjeldstad, H.-P., Calles, O., & Forseth, T. (2021). Validation of a Swimming Direction Model for the Downstream Migration of Atlantic Salmon Smolts. Water, 13(9), 1230. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13091230

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