An Experimental Study of Fluoride Removal from Wastewater by Mn-Ti Modified Zeolite
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material Preparation and Experimental Methodology
2.1. Preparation of the Mn-Ti Modified Zeolite
2.1.1. Nano-Manganese Oxide Synthesis
2.1.2. Mn-Ti Modified Zeolite Preparation
2.2. Adsorbent Characterization
2.3. Experimental Methodology
2.3.1. Static Experiments
2.3.2. Dynamic Experiments Using an Adsorption Column
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Material Characterization and Crystallinity
3.1.1. The Natural Zeolite Composition
3.1.2. SEM and EDS Analyses of Physical and Chemical Properties
3.1.3. FTIR Analysis of Composition
3.2. Static Adsorption
3.2.1. Adsorbent Dosage
3.2.2. PH
3.2.3. Adsorption Kinetics
3.2.4. Adsorption Isotherms
3.2.5. Competitive Ions
3.2.6. Comparison between Natural and Mn-Ti Modified Zeolites
3.2.7. Comparison with Studies in the Literature
3.3. Dynamic Adsorption
3.3.1. Adsorbent Thickness
3.3.2. Flow Velocity
3.3.3. Initial Fluoride Concentration
3.3.4. pH
3.3.5. Comparison between Natural and Mn-Ti Modified Zeolites
3.4. Adsorption Mechanism
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Name | Height CPS | FWHM eV | Area (P) CPS.eV | Area (N) TPP-2M | Atomic % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Si2p | 3119.57 | 1.85 | 6653.8 | 0.09 | 30.59 |
C1s | 4037.57 | 1.68 | 9192.49 | 0.12 | 39.92 |
Ti2p | 8175.82 | 1.49 | 28,072.26 | 0.06 | 19.94 |
Mn2p | 3694.47 | 3.67 | 23,789.49 | 0.03 | 9.54 |
Lagergren | Pseudo-Second Order | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
qe (mg/g) | KL (1/min) | R2 | qe (mg/g) | k (g/mg·min) | R2 |
0.7833 | 0.008220 | 0.9984 | 1.1467 | 0.005350 | 0.9972 |
Langmuir Model | Frendlich Model | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Qmax (mg/g) | KL (L/mg) | R2 | KF (L/mg) | 1/n | R2 | |
15 °C | 1.1726 | 0.0320 | 0.813 | 0.03956 | 0.8653 | 0.989 |
25 °C | 2.1752 | 0.0180 | 0.913 | 0.04114 | 0.9111 | 0.998 |
35 °C | 0.4327 | 0.0995 | 0.950 | 0.04890 | 0.6553 | 0.981 |
Adsorbents | Experimental Conditions | qe (mg/g) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH | Time (h) | Temperature (°C) | Initial F− Concentration (mg/L) | ||
Zeolite-Zr [51] | 7 | 24 | 30 | 2.5 | 4.427 |
Zeolite-La [51] | 7 | 24 | 30 | 2.5 | 1.691 |
Zeolite-Al [51] | 7 | 24 | 30 | 2.5 | 1.71 |
Boehmite [52] | 6.8 | 24 | 25 | 10 | 2.057 |
Synthetic hydroxyapatite [53] | 2 | 2 | 25 | 5 | 0.489 |
Fe3+þactivated quartz [54] | 6 | 1.6 | 20 | 3 × 10−5 | 1.16 |
Mn−Ti modified zeolite | 7 | 4 | 25 | 10 | 2.175 |
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Yang, B.; Sun, G.; Quan, B.; Tang, J.; Zhang, C.; Jia, C.; Tang, Y.; Wang, X.; Zhao, M.; Wang, W.; et al. An Experimental Study of Fluoride Removal from Wastewater by Mn-Ti Modified Zeolite. Water 2021, 13, 3343. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13233343
Yang B, Sun G, Quan B, Tang J, Zhang C, Jia C, Tang Y, Wang X, Zhao M, Wang W, et al. An Experimental Study of Fluoride Removal from Wastewater by Mn-Ti Modified Zeolite. Water. 2021; 13(23):3343. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13233343
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Bo, Guirong Sun, Bingxu Quan, Jiawei Tang, Chunhui Zhang, Chaomin Jia, Yuanhui Tang, Xinling Wang, Mengmeng Zhao, Wenqian Wang, and et al. 2021. "An Experimental Study of Fluoride Removal from Wastewater by Mn-Ti Modified Zeolite" Water 13, no. 23: 3343. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13233343