The Effects of Sodium Percarbonate Generated Free Oxygen on Daphnia—Implications for the Management of Harmful Algal Blooms
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
Total Mortality and Concentration of SP
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | Sodium Percarbonate (SP) (2Na2CO3·3H2O2) | Hydrogen Peroxide (HP) (H2O2) |
---|---|---|
Control | 0.0 mg·L−1 | 0.0 mg·L−1 |
T1 | 5.0 mg·L−1 | 1.4 mg·L−1 |
T2 | 10.0 mg·L−1 | 2.8 mg·L−1 |
T3 | 20.0 mg·L−1 | 5.5 mg·L−1 |
T4 | 30.0 mg·L−1 | 8.3 mg·L−1 |
T5 | 40.0 mg·L−1 | 11.1 mg·L−1 |
T6 | 50.0 mg·L−1 | 13.8 mg·L−1 |
T7 | 60.0 mg·L−1 | 16.6 mg·L−1 |
Species | Control (Mean) | T1: 5 SP | T2: 10 SP | T3: 20 SP | T4: 30 SP | T5: 40 SP | T6: 50 SP | T7: 60 SP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Daphnia sp. | 79.6 SD 47 | 280 | 292 | 150 | 185 | 104 | 95 | 265 |
Species | Control (Mean) | T 1: 5 SP | T2: 10 SP | T3: 20 SP | T4: 30 SP | T5: 40 SP | T6: 50 SP | T7: 60 SP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage living Daphnia | 97.9 SD 1.23 | 93.9 | 91.1 | 66.0 | 16.8 | 2.9 | 1.1 | 0.0 |
Living | 77 | 263 | 266 | 99 | 31 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
Dead | 2.6 | 17 | 26 | 51 | 154 | 101 | 95 | 265 |
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Thoo, R.; Siuda, W.; Jasser, I. The Effects of Sodium Percarbonate Generated Free Oxygen on Daphnia—Implications for the Management of Harmful Algal Blooms. Water 2020, 12, 1304. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051304
Thoo R, Siuda W, Jasser I. The Effects of Sodium Percarbonate Generated Free Oxygen on Daphnia—Implications for the Management of Harmful Algal Blooms. Water. 2020; 12(5):1304. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051304
Chicago/Turabian StyleThoo, Robin, Waldemar Siuda, and Iwona Jasser. 2020. "The Effects of Sodium Percarbonate Generated Free Oxygen on Daphnia—Implications for the Management of Harmful Algal Blooms" Water 12, no. 5: 1304. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051304