Long-Term Consequences of Water Pumping on the Ecosystem Functioning of Lake Sekšu, Latvia
1
Institute of Geography and Spatial Organisation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, PL-00818 Warsaw, Poland
2
Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Agency of Daugavpils University, Voleru 4, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
3
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
4
Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
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Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation, Adam Mickiewicz University, Bogumiła Krygowskiego 10, PL-61680 Poznań, Poland
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Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Aquatic Biogeochemistry Research Unit, Ecosystems and Environment Research Program, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
7
Department of Geography, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
8
Department of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, EST-19086 Tallinn, Estonia
9
Lake and Peatland Research Centre, LV-4063 Puikule, Aloja, Latvia
10
Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Bażyńskiego 4, PL-80309 Gdańsk, Poland
11
Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
12
Department of Geology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2020, 12(5), 1459; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051459
Received: 4 April 2020
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Revised: 14 May 2020
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Accepted: 16 May 2020
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Published: 20 May 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Quality of Freshwater Ecosystems in a Temperate Climate)
Cultural eutrophication, the process by which pollution due to human activity speeds up natural eutrophication, is a widespread and consequential issue. Here, we present the 85-year history of a small, initially Lobelia–Isoëtes dominated lake. The lake’s ecological deterioration was intensified by water pumping station activities when it received replenishment water for more than 10 years from a eutrophic lake through a pipe. In this study, we performed a paleolimnological assessment to determine how the lake’s ecosystem functioning changed over time. A multi-proxy (pollen, Cladocera, diatoms, and Chironomidae) approach was applied alongside a quantitative reconstruction of total phosphorus using diatom and hypolimnetic dissolved oxygen with chironomid-based transfer functions. The results of the biotic proxy were supplemented with a geochemical analysis. The results demonstrated significant changes in the lake community’s structure, its sediment composition, and its redox conditions due to increased eutrophication, water level fluctuations, and erosion. The additional nutrient load, particularly phosphorus, increased the abundance of planktonic eutrophic–hypereutrophic diatoms, the lake water’s transparency decreased, and hypolimnetic anoxia occurred. Cladocera, Chironomidae, and diatoms species indicated a community shift towards eutrophy, while the low trophy species were suppressed or disappeared.
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Keywords:
eutrophication; water level fluctuation; multi-proxy approach; Cladocera; Chironomidae; diatoms; Northern Europe
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MDPI and ACS Style
Zawiska, I.; Dimante-Deimantovica, I.; Luoto, T.P.; Rzodkiewicz, M.; Saarni, S.; Stivrins, N.; Tylmann, W.; Lanka, A.; Robeznieks, M.; Jilbert, T. Long-Term Consequences of Water Pumping on the Ecosystem Functioning of Lake Sekšu, Latvia. Water 2020, 12, 1459. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051459
AMA Style
Zawiska I, Dimante-Deimantovica I, Luoto TP, Rzodkiewicz M, Saarni S, Stivrins N, Tylmann W, Lanka A, Robeznieks M, Jilbert T. Long-Term Consequences of Water Pumping on the Ecosystem Functioning of Lake Sekšu, Latvia. Water. 2020; 12(5):1459. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051459
Chicago/Turabian StyleZawiska, Izabela, Inta Dimante-Deimantovica, Tomi P. Luoto, Monika Rzodkiewicz, Saija Saarni, Normunds Stivrins, Wojciech Tylmann, Anna Lanka, Martins Robeznieks, and Tom Jilbert. 2020. "Long-Term Consequences of Water Pumping on the Ecosystem Functioning of Lake Sekšu, Latvia" Water 12, no. 5: 1459. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051459
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